Patient Activation in Type 2 Diabetes: Does It Differ between Men and Women?
Table 1
Patient characteristics.
Men
Women
value
(%)
874 (54.1)
741 (45.9)
—
Mean age (years)
67.1 (9.2)
68.9 (10.1)
<0.001
Median WHO-5 score
76 (60–80)
72 (52–80)
<0.001
Median EQ5D score
0.9 (0.8–1.0)
0.8 (0.8–1.0)
<0.001
Median BMI
28.0 (26.0–31.4)
30.0 (26.7–34.0)
<0.001
Smoking, (%)
136 (15.6)
73 (9.9)
0.001
MVC, (%)
411 (47.0)
244 (32.9)
<0.001
Use of glucose lowering drugs, (%)
697 (79.7)
560 (75.6)
0.047
Use of insulin, (%)
144 (16.5)
133 (17.9)
0.466
Median diabetes duration
8.3 (4.8–12.1)
8.3 (4.4–12.7)
0.884
Median HbA1c (mmol/mol)
50 (45–56)
51 (45–57)
0.426
Microvascular complications, (%)
401 (45.9)
292 (39.4)
0.006
Median PAM score
55.6 (51.0–63.1)
55.6 (48.9–61.9)
0.235
PAM level
0.294
1
151 (17.3)
131 (17.7)
2
200 (22.9)
187 (25.2)
3
433 (49.5)
334 (45.1)
4
90 (10.3)
89 (12.0)
Values are depicted as (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR). Continuous data were analysed using independent -tests or the Mann-Whitney test. Categorical variables were analysed using Chi-square tests. BMI: body mass index; MVC: macrovascular complications. Number of patients with missing values: WHO-5: 15, EQ5D: 46, BMI: 23, smoking: 25, MVC: 352, diabetes duration: 8, HbA1c: 22, and microvascular complications: 352.
