Patient Activation in Type 2 Diabetes: Does It Differ between Men and Women?

Table 2

Multivariate regression analysis for patient activation.

Variables	⁢Model (1)		⁢Model (2)		⁢Model (3)		⁢Model (4) (explorative)
	⁢Adjusted (%) = 0.0%		⁢Adjusted (%) = 0.1%		⁢Adjusted (%) = 9.6%		⁢Adjusted (%) = 9.5%
	(95% CI)	value	(95% CI)	value	(95% CI)	value	(95% CI)	value
Gender	−0.317 (−1.552, 0.917)	0.614	−0.135 (−1.372, 1.102)	0.830	1.060 (−0.179, 2.300)	0.094	1.062 (−0.189, 2.134)	0.096
Age			−0.102 (−1.660, −0.380)	0.002	−0.130 (−0.197, −0.063)	<0.001	−0.129 (−0.199, −0.058)	<0.001
WHO-5 score					0.158 (0.124, 0.193)	<0.001	0.158 (0.123, 0.192)	<0.001
EQ5D score					3.835 (−0.277, 7.948)	0.068	3.958 (−0.202, 8.118)	0.062
BMI					−0.155 (−0.272, −0.038)	0.010	−0.155 (−0.272, −0.037)	0.010
Smoking					1.473 (−0.327, 3.273)	0.109	1.434 (−0.379, 3.248)	0.121
MVC					−1.386 (−2.813, 0.041)	0.057	−1.436 (−2.879, 0.008)	0.051
Use of insulin					0.158 (−1.408, 1.724)	0.843	0.668 (−1.112, 2.449)	0.462
Diabetes duration							−0.034 (−0.146, 0.078)	0.548
HbA1c							−0.036 (−0.107, 0.034)	0.310
Use of glucose lowering drugs							−0.439 (−1.928, 1.050)	0.563
Microvascular complications							0.206 (−1.467, 1.879)	0.806

BMI: body mass index; MVC: macrovascular complications; : unstandardized regression coefficients.