Journal of Diabetes Research / 2016 / Article / Tab 6 / Review Article
A Systems Biology Overview on Human Diabetic Nephropathy: From Genetic Susceptibility to Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Modifications Table 6 Metabolomics biomarkers. List of significant metabolites ordered as they are cited in the text. LC/MS/MS: liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry; GC-MS: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; CE-MS: capillary electrophoresis; HPLC–UV/MS/MS: high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to UV and mass spectrometry; UPLC–oa-TOF-MS: ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry.
Metabolite Code Sample Expression Assay type Diabetes type Potential value of biomarker References 2-Methyl acetoacetate HMDB03771 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] 3-Methyl adipic acid HMDB00555 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] 3-Methyl crotonyl glycine HMDB00459 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] 2-Ethyl 3-OH propionate HMDB00396 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate HMDB00435 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] 3-Hydroxyisovalerate HMDB00754 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] 3-Hydroxypropionate HMDB00700 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] Aconitic acid HMDB00958 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] Citric acid HMDB00094 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] Glycolic acid HMDB00115 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] Homovanillic acid HMDB00118 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] Tiglylglycine HMDB00959 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] Uracil HMDB00300 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Diagnostic [90 ] Butenoylcarnitine HMDB13126 Plasma Up GC-MS T2D Prognostic [91 ] Glutamine HMDB00641 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Prognostic [91 ] Hexose HMDB33704 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Prognostic [91 ] Histidine HMDB00177 Plasma Down GC-MS T2D Prognostic [91 ] Tyrosine HMDB00158 Urine Down GC-MS T2D Prognostic [91 ] Hippuric acid HMDB00714 Urine Down LC-MS T1D Prognostic [92 ] S-(3-Oxododecanoyl) cysteamine HMDB59773 Urine Up LC-MS T1D Prognostic [92 ] Substituted carnitine HMDB00062 Urine Up LC-MS T1D Prognostic [92 ] 3-OH-isovalerate HMDB00754 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] 4-Aminobutyrate + (CH-CH2-CH2-) HMDB00112 Serum Up NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Alanine HMDB00161 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Cholesterol HMDB00067 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Choline HMDB00097 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Creatine HMDB00064 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Creatine-P HMDB01511 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Creatinine HMDB00562 Serum Up NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Dimethylamine HMDB00087 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Glucose HMDB00122 Serum Up NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Glutamine HMDB00641 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Isoleucine HMDB00172 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Isoleucine HMDB00172 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Lactate HMDB00190 Serum Up NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Leucine HMDB00687 Serum Up NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Leucine + isoleucine HMDB28932 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Lipid (-CH3) — Serum Up NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Lipids (beta-CH2) — Serum Up NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Lipids (CH2-)n — Serum Up NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] N-Acetylglutamine HMDB06029 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] O-Phosphocholine HMDB01565 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Proline HMDB00162 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Pyruvate HMDB00243 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Trimethylamine HMDB00906 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Valine HMDB00883 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Valine + isoleucine HMDB29130 Serum Down NMR T2D Diagnostic [93 ] Aspartic acid HMDB00191 Serum Up CE-MS T2D Diagnostic [94 ] Azelaic acid HMDB00784 Serum Down CE-MS T2D Diagnostic [94 ] Galactaric acid HMDB00639 Serum Down CE-MS T2D Diagnostic [94 ] Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) HMDB03334 Serum Up CE-MS T2D Diagnostic [94 ] Dihydrosphingosine HMDB00269 Serum Down UPLC–oa-TOF-MS T2D Diagnostic [95 ] Leucine HMDB00687 Serum Down UPLC–oa-TOF-MS T2D Diagnostic [95 ] Phytosphingosine HMDB04610 Serum Down UPLC–oa-TOF-MS T2D Diagnostic [95 ] Adenosine HMDB00050 Plasma Up HPLC–UV/MS/MS T2D Diagnostic [96 ] Creatinine HMDB00562 Plasma Up HPLC–UV/MS/MS T2D Diagnostic [96 ] Inosine HMDB00195 Plasma Down HPLC–UV/MS/MS T2D Diagnostic [96 ] Uric acid HMDB00289 Plasma Up HPLC–UV/MS/MS T2D Diagnostic [96 ] Xanthine HMDB00292 Plasma Up HPLC–UV/MS/MS T2D Diagnostic [96 ] Phosphatidylinositol HMDB06953 Plasma Down LC/MS/MS T2D Diagnostic [97 ] Sphingomyelin HMDB12089 Plasma Up LC/MS/MS T2D Diagnostic [97 ] Arachidonic acid HMDB01043 Plasma Up CG-MS T2D Prognostic [98 ]
