Research Article
Association between Serum Cystatin C and Diabetic Foot Ulceration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Comparison of clinical characteristics and experiment indices among cystatin C quartiles.
| | Cystatin C | ≤0.58
mg/L | 0.58–0.7
mg/L | 0.7–0.87
mg/L | ≥0.87
mg/L | value |
| | Age (ys) | 53.58 ± 9.21 | 60.14 ± 8.62 | 64.17 ± 9.98 | 68.31 ± 11.01 | <0.001 | | Duration (ys) | 7.67 ± 6.05 | 7.79 ± 5.55 | 8.48 ± 7.07 | 9.56 ± 6.62 | 0.126 | | Sex (M/F) | 104 (45/59) | 101 (61/40) | 103 (58/45) | 103 (72/31) | <0.001 | | Smoking (%) | 23.08 | 29.70 | 25.24 | 38.83 | 0.041 | | Drinking (%) | 17.31 | 20.79 | 17.48 | 25.24 | 0.447 | | Hereditary (%) | 42.30 | 26.73 | 19.42 | 29.13 | 0.003 | | DPN (%) | 69.23 | 73.27 | 77.67 | 80.58 | 0.248 | | DR (%) | 25.00 | 26.73 | 33.98 | 30.10 | 0.501 | | IU (%) | 42.31 | 50.50 | 56.31 | 70.87 | <0.001 | | FBG (mmol/L) | 8.93 ± 2.77 | 8.28 ± 2.61 | 8.87 ± 3.29 | 8.70 ± 4.00 | 0.472 | | SBP (mmHg) | 132.41 ± 17.28 | 131.41 ± 16.34 | 131.86 ± 17.87 | 133.39 ± 21.11 | 0.880 | | DBP (mmHg) | 83.22 ± 11.47 | 80.95 ± 10.57 | 78.52 ± 10.90 | 75.48 ± 12.22 | <0.001 | | ABI | 1.08 ± 0.09 | 1.09 ± 0.13 | 1.06 ± 0.15 | 1.05 ± 0.23 | 0.356 | | Hemoglobin (g/L) | 128.59 ± 15.73 | 129.83 ± 15.76 | 124.21 ± 16.85 | 116.62 ± 21.18 | <0.001 | | UA (μmol/L) | 243.21 ± 69.01 | 270.24 ± 79.82 | 290.64 ± 90.93 | 337.96 ± 106.52 | <0.001 | | Creatinine (μmol/L) | 48.94 ± 13.08 | 56.62 ± 14.71 | 63.16 ± 17.38 | 101.45 ± 49.49 | <0.001 | | CysC (mg/L) | 0.51 ± 0.07 | 0.64 ± 0.03 | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 1.26 ± 0.45 | <0.001 | | Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.25 ± 0.12 | 2.24 ± 0.13 | 2.24 ± 0.19 | 2.21 ± 0.15 | 0.203 | | Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.85 ± 0.38 | 3.83 ± 0.36 | 3.81 ± 0.52 | 4.00 ± 0.49 | 0.012 | | HbA1c (%) | 8.33 ± 2.13 | 7.77 ± 1.96 | 7.96 ± 1.96 | 7.82 ± 1.86 | 0.168 | | Albumin (g/L) | 40.89 ± 4.66 | 39.21 ± 4.88 | 38.19 ± 5.22 | 35.77 ± 6.23 | 0.020 | | SiTcPO2 | 65.70 ± 11.30 | 63.58 ± 12.19 | 60.27 ± 12.99 | 53.84 ± 15.73 | <0.001 | | SuTcPO2 | 45.72 ± 12.09 | 42.53 ± 13.94 | 39.41 ± 13.76 | 33.92 ± 14.08 | <0.001 | | DSS TcPO2 | 20.09 ± 7.25 | 21.02 ± 8.35 | 20.85 ± 8.69 | 20.20 ± 7.88 | 0.800 | | TC (mmol/L) | 4.76 ± 0.88 | 4.63 ± 1.06 | 4.41 ± 1.14 | 4.61 ± 1.36 | 0.177 | | TG (mmol/L) | 1.90 ± 1.36 | 1.90 ± 1.61 | 1.66 ± 0.85 | 1.79 ± 1.14 | 0.479 | | LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.81 ± 0.61 | 2.73 ± 0.65 | 2.61 ± 0.75 | 2.74 ± 0.86 | 0.278 | | HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.18 ± 0.31 | 1.15 ± 0.31 | 1.15 ± 0.34 | 1.07 ± 0.33 | 0.091 |
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Data represent means ± SD or frequency (percentage).
DPN: diabetic peripheral neuropathy; DR: diabetic retinopathy; IU: insulin use; FBG: fasting blood glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; ABI: ankle/brachial index; UA: serum uric acid; CysC: serum cystatin C; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; SiTcPO2: sitting position transcutaneous oxygen pressure; SuTcPO2: supine position TcPO2; DSS TcPO2: the differences between supine and sitting of TcPO2; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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