Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Score for Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in a Resource-Constrained Setting

Table 2

Risk factors and beta coefficients for undiagnosed diabetes: final regression model using CENAN database ( = 2,367).

	Bivariate model		Final model		Score
	Coefficient (SE)	OR (95% CI)	Coefficient (SE)	OR (95% CI)
Sex
Male (versus female)	−0.39 (0.30)	0.68 (0.38–1.21)
Age
≥55 (versus <55 years)	0.72 (0.29)	2.05 (1.16–3.64)	0.61 (0.18)	1.85 (1.30–2.63)	1 (versus 0)
Current smoking
Current (versus never/former smoker)	−1.06 (0.60)	0.34 (0.11–1.12)
Alcohol user
User (versus never user)	0.38 (0.74)	1.46 (0.34–6.27)
Diabetes in relatives
Yes (versus no)	1.06 (0.34)	2.90 (1.48–5.66)	0.85 (0.42)	2.34 (1.04–5.31)	1 (versus 0)
Physical activity
Low (versus moderate/high levels)	0.80 (0.30)	2.24 (1.25–4.01)
Body mass index
Overweight (versus normal)	0.07 (0.35)	1.07 (0.54–2.13)
Obese (versus normal)	0.80 (0.36)	2.23 (1.11–4.49)
Waist circumference
90.0 to <99.9 cm (versus <90 cm)	0.66 (0.38)	1.93 (0.91–4.10)	0.74 (0.33)	2.09 (1.09–4.02)	1 (versus 0)
100+ cm (versus <90 cm)	1.41 (0.37)	4.10 (1.99–8.44)	1.40 (0.23)	4.07 (2.60–6.40)	2 (versus 0)
Waist-to-height ratio
0.50–0.59 (versus <0.50)	0.34 (0.63)	1.41 (0.41–4.86)
0.60–0.69 (versus <0.50)	1.09 (0.62)	2.97 (0.88–10.0)
0.70+ (versus <0.50)	1.58 (0.68)	4.84 (1.27–18.5)
Hypertension
Yes (versus no)	0.52 (0.31)	1.68 (0.91–3.09)

The model was created using backward elimination from the initial full model until we reached a final model with statistically significant covariates.