Relationship of Hemoglobin A1c with β Cell Function and Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed and Drug Naive Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Table 1
Characteristic of study participants grouped by A1c category.
Characteristics
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Total
311
156
172
67
112
818
Female (%)
198 (63.7%)
103 (66.0%)
109 (63.4%)
38 (56.7%)
60 (53.6%)
508 (62.1%)
Age (years)
59.44 ± 9.91
61.7 ± 9.69
61.56 ± 9.23*
61.76 ± 8.72
58.55 ± 8.77
60.39 ± 9.54
BMI (kg/m2)
26.44 ± 3.51
27.72 ± 3.19**
27.99 ± 3.31***
27.56 ± 3.38
26.36 ± 2.86
27.09 ± 3.39
Wc (cm)
87.7 ± 10.16
91.53 ± 8.88***
91.51 ± 10.25***
91.63 ± 10.84**
89.56 ± 8.71
89.81 ± 09.95
Systolic BP (mmHg)
146.15 ± 20.63
146.56 ± 19.42
145.76 ± 19.85
146.31 ± 18.83
147.99 ± 21.11
146.4 ± 20.13
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
83.96 ± 12.49
82.4 ± 11.76
81.02 ± 11.34**
80.31 ± 10.69*
84.22 ± 12.38
82.78 ± 12.02
FBG (mmol/L)
7.47 ± 1.58
7.4 ± 0.91
7.96 ± 1.14**
8.86 ± 1.73***
12.54 ± 3.38***
8.37 ± 2.47
Fasting insulin (uU/mL)
9.7 (7–13.95)
11.3 (7.8–15.8)
9.7 (6.93–14.6)*
9.9 (7–14.8)
7.4 (5.23–11.1)**
9.85 (6.9–14)
A1c (%)
5.96 ± 0.34
6.7 ± 0.14***
7.39 ± 0.3***
8.33 ± 0.28***
10.86 ± 1.75***
7.27 ± 1.75
Cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.51 ± 1.14
5.68 ± 1.01
5.6 ± 0.97
5.58 ± 0.95
5.76 ± 1.42
5.6 ± 1.11
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.42 (1.01–2.1)
1.61 (1.19–2.27)
1.73 (1.26–2.47)
1.91 (1.3–2.8)*
1.81 (1.28–2.36)***
1.59 (1.12–2.27)
LDL-C (mmol/L)
3.3 ± 0.89
3.45 ± 0.84
3.4 ± 0.83
3.32 ± 0.83
3.64 ± 0.95
3.4 ± 0.88
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.55 ± 0.39
1.44 ± 0.27**
1.36 ± 0.28***
1.34 ± 0.24***
1.48 ± 0.46
1.46 ± 0.36
ALT (U/L)
13.67 ± 9.75
15.58 ± 11.06**
16.94 ± 13.29
16.19 ± 9.89
15.71 ± 10.08
15.21 ± 10.94
AST (U/L)
20.74 ± 9.32
21.13 ± 9.03
22.434 ± 9.67
21.64 ± 11.32
19.27 ± 8.97
21.03 ± 9.49
Data are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) or number (%). BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; BP, blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase. *P < 0.05 compared with Group 1; **P < 0.01 compared with Group 1; ***P < 0.01 compared with Group 1.
