Update on RAAS Modulation for the Treatment of Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease

Figure 4

Mechanisms of action of angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors. ARB antagonize Ang II binding to AT1R, which causes hypertension and multiorgan injury. NEPi inhibit the activity of NEP, which is an enzyme degrading natriuretic peptide, bradykinin, and other peptides. The result is a reduction of Ang II harmful effects and an increase of the benefits of natriuretic peptides and bradykinin. ACE is for angiotensin-converting enzyme; ADM is for adrenomedullin; Ang is for angiotensin; ANP is for atrial natriuretic peptide; ARB is for angiotensin II receptor blockers; AT1R is for Ang II type 1 receptor; BNP is for brain natriuretic peptide; NEPi is for neprilysin inhibitors.