Advanced Glycation End Products Impair Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion of a Pancreatic β-Cell Line INS-1-3 by Disturbance of Microtubule Cytoskeleton via p38/MAPK Activation

Figure 2

The effect of AGEs on insulin secretion in INS-1-3. (a) The mRNA level of insulin in INS-1-3 cells in the presence or absence of AGEs (200 μg/mL, 48 hours), measured by real-time PCR. (b) The total intracellular insulin content in INS-1-3 in the presence or absence of AGEs (200 μg/mL, 48 hours). Insulin was extracted with acid ethanol and quantified by ELISA. (c) Secreted insulin amounts in INS-1-3 cells in response to 2.5 mM and 25 mM glucose. INS-1-3 cells were incubated with or without AGEs (200 μg/mL) for 48 hours. Secreted insulin levels were normalized to the total insulin content. Data are derived from three independent experiments and shown as mean ± SD. ; ; versus control.