Genetic Risk Score Modelling for Disease Progression in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Patients: Increased Genetic Load of Islet-Expressed and Cytokine-Regulated Candidate Genes Predicts Poorer Glycemic Control

Figure 1

Cytokine-regulated candidate genes in human islets. Isolated human islets were left untreated or exposed to cytokines (IL-1β + IFNγ + TNFα) for 48 h. Gene expression of candidate genes was determined by real-time PCR. Target gene expression was normalized to the geometric mean of three housekeeping genes. (a) Genes upregulated in response to cytokine treatment. (b) Genes downregulated in response to cytokine treatment. Data are means ± SEM of = 8-9, except for IL10 (). , , and .

(a)

(b)