Knowledge and Lifestyle-Associated Prevalence of Obesity among Newly Diagnosed Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Table 7
Association between lifestyle characteristic and obesity using WC, WHR, and WHtR as indicators.
Lifestyles features
WC
WHR
WHtR
Normal
Overweight
Obese
Normal
Overweight
Obese
Normal
Obese
= 325
= 76
= 142
= 46
= 165
= 330
= 323
= 220
Snack in between meals
0.6843, 2 (p = 0.7102)
12.84, 2 (p = 0.0016)
4.803, 1 (p = 0.0284)
Yes ( = 95)
55 (58.3%)
16 (16.7%)
24 (25.0%)
16 (16.7%)
20 (20.8%)
59 (62.5%)
43 (45.8%)
13 (54.2%)
No ( = 448)
270 (60.2%)
61 (13.6%)
118 (26.3%)
30 (6.7%)
145 (32.2%)
273 (61.0%)
277 (61.9%)
171 (38.1%)
Taking meals late at night
1.929, 2 (p = 0.3812)
8.719, 2 (p = 0.0128)
4.882, 1 (p = 0.0271)
Yes ( = 76)
40 (52.6%)
12 (15.8%)
24 (31.6%)
8 (10.5%)
12 (15.8%)
56 (73.7%)
36 (47.3%)
40 (52.6%)
No ( = 467)
284 (60.9%)
64 (13.8%)
118 (25.2%)
38 (8.1%)
152 (32.5%)
277 (59.3%)
284 (60.9%)
183 (39.1%)
Regular exercise
10.26, 2 (p = 0.0059)
1.486, 2 (p = 0.4757)
0.08455, 1 (p = 0.7712)
Yes ( = 133)
95 (71.4%)
11 (8.6%)
27 (20.0%)
11 (8.6%)
46 (34.3%)
76 (57.1%)
80 (60.0%)
53 (40.0%)
No ( = 410)
228 (55.6%)
64 (15.7%)
114 (27.8%)
34 (8.3%)
118 (28.7%)
254 (62.0%)
239 (58.3%)
168 (40.7%)
Fast food intake
3.435, 2 (p = 0.1795)
17.27, 2 (p = 0.0002)
25.01, 1 (p < 0.0001)
Yes ( = 220)
121 (55.2%)
34 (15.5%)
64 (29.3%)
31 (14.3%)
55 (25.0%)
141 (64.3%)
106 (48.2%)
122 (55.4%)
No ( = 323)
201 (62.3%)
42 (12.9%)
76 (23.5%)
15 (4.7%)
110 (34.1%)
194 (60.0%)
217 (67.1%)
103 (31.8%)
Alcohol intake
2.629, 2 (p = 0.2686)
8.748, 2 (p = 0.0126)
2.037, 1 (p = 0.1535)
Yes ( = 15)
11 (75.0%)
—
4 (25.0%)
4 (25.0%)
7 (50.0%)
4 (25.0%)
1 (25.0%)
3 (75.0%)
No ( = 528)
314 (58.9%)
76 (14.4%)
138 (25.9%)
417 (7.9%)
156 (29.5%)
327 (61.9%)
315 (59.7%)
209 (39.6%)
Values are presented in frequency with percentages in parenthesis. Chi-square value (χ2), df ( value). BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; WHR: waist to hip ratio; WHtR: waist to height ratio.
