Influence of Age at Diagnosis and Time-Dependent Risk Factors on the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Table 5

Multivariate analysis to analyze the association of the development of DR with age at T1D onset and with DBP, HDL, and HbA1c along the follow-up.

Variable	HR (CI 95%)	value
Age at onset (years)
<10	Reference
10–14	2.57 (1.15, 5.76)
15–29	3.04 (1.44, 6.47)	0.012
30–44	3.35 (1.49, 7.56)
≥45	3.78 (1.37, 10.41)
DBP (per 10 mmHg)	1.55 (1.26, 1.91)	<0.001
HDL (per 10 mg/dL)	0.77 (0.68, 0.88)	<0.001
HbA1c
≤7%	Reference
7-8%	1.34 (0.72, 2.46)
8-9%	1.69 (0.92, 3.11)	0.009
>9%	2.56 (1.38, 4.75)

DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoproteins; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.