The Role of Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Diabetes and Its Metabolic and Vascular Complications

Figure 3

Dysregulation of IR isoforms in type 2 diabetes and its related complications. It has been described in insulin target tissues such as liver, white adipose tissue, or aorta that a significant increase of IRA/IRB ratio might be involved in a decreased glucose uptake, less insulin signalling, and an increased growth of atherosclerotic plaques, respectively. Moreover, in pancreatic beta cells might be implicated the compensatory hyperplasia that occurs in insulin-resistant states. These mechanisms contribute to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and vascular complications.