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| Study/year | Design/numbers | Race | Endpoints |
|
| Irannejad et al., 2016 [10] | Retrospective single-center analysis, serum nesfatin-1 in patients, included 44 adult patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria and 44 control patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria | Asians | Peripheral nesfatin-1 levels are markedly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria |
| Katayama et al., 2016 [11] | Prospective multicenter-randomized analysis, the efficacy and safety of seven once-daily oral doses of finerenone, included individuals: 96 | Asians | Finerenone reduced albuminuria without adverse effects on serum potassium levels or renal function |
| Fouad et al., 2016 [12] | Retrospective single-center analysis, the relationship between serum uric acid and hypertension in DN, included individuals: 986 | Caucasians | Serum uric acid level may identify and link with the onset of hypertension in DN |
| Machingura et al., 2017 [13] | Prospective cross-sectional analysis, prevalence of and factors associated with DN in Zimbabwe, included individuals: 344 | Blacks | Prevalence of DN is higher in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients than previously reported in Zimbabwe |
| Perkowska-Ptasinska et al., 2016 [14] | Retrospective multicenter analysis, biopsy based data from 14 renal centers in Poland, included individuals: 352 | Caucasians | The relatively high prevalence of potentially curative kidney diseases of renal biopsy in these patients |
| Kaidonis et al., 2016 [15] | Prospective multicenter analysis, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2910164 residing within microRNA-146a (miR-146a) is associated with DN, included individuals: 890 | Caucasians | Rs2910164 is significantly associated with microvascular complications DN |
| Li et al., 2015 [16] | Prospective multicenter randomized analysis, the additional benefit and safety of the Chinese herbal granule Tangshen Formula (TSF) in treating DN, included individuals: 180 | Asians | TSF appears to be a safe therapeutic treatment for DN patients |
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