Antioxidative Effects of Natural Products on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Table 2

Antioxidative natural products in clinical trials of diabetes.

Name	Disease	Dose	Effect	Ref.
Aloe vera inner leaf gel powder	Patients with impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance	UP780 or AC952 at 500 mg, twice a day, for 8 weeks	Fasting glucose ↓, glucose tolerance ↑, serum lipoprotein levels ↓ (both UP780 and AC952), urinary F2-isoprostanes ↓ (UP780)	[98]
Black tea	T2DM	2.5 g/200 ml or 7.5 g/600 ml/d, for 12 weeks	Serum glycosylated hemoglobin ↓, cholesterol ↓, markers of oxidative stress ↓, regulatory T cell secretion ↑, proinflammatory cells ↓	[99]
Chamomile tea	T2DM	3 g/150 ml, 3 times a day, for 8 weeks	Serum glycosylated hemoglobin ↓, malondialdehyde ↓, insulin ↓, insulin resistance ↓, total antioxidant capacity ↑, SOD ↑, GSH ↑ and CAT activity ↑	[100]
Nigella sativa	T2DM	2 g/day, for 1 year	Fasting blood glucose ↓, glycosylated hemoglobin ↓, glucose homeostasis ↑, total antioxidant capacity ↑, the levels of GSH ↑ and SOD ↑	[101]
Phyllanthus emblica	T2DM	500 mg, twice daily, for 10 days	Platelet aggregation ↓, bleeding and clotting time ↑	[102]
Aged garlic extract	Patients with T2DM and high cardiovascular risk	1200 mg/d, for 4 weeks	No significant beneficial effects on body weight, blood pressure, lipids, insulin resistance, and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation.	[108]
Salvia miltiorrhiza hydrophilic extract	Diabetic patients with chronic heart disease	5 g, twice per day, for 60 days	Serum MDA ↓, GSH ↑, SOD ↑, paraoxonase ↑, and glutathione reductase ↑	[109]

T1DM: type 1 diabetes; T2DM: type 2 diabetes; ↑: activation or improvement; ↓: inhibition or downregulation. Other abbreviations are the same as in Table 1.