Micronutrient Intake in a Cohort of Italian Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Adherence to Dietary Recommendations
Table 3
Vitamin and minerals intake expressed per 1000 kcal of total energy intake of the patients with type 1 diabetes participating in the study and patients’ adherence to the recommendations for the Italian general population∗.
Men
Women
RI/1000 kcal
Intake/1000 kcal
Adherence (%)
RI/1000 kcal
Intake/1000 kcal
Adherence (%)
Vitamins
Vitamin A (μg)
250
440.9 ± 226.1
80
222.2
537.2 ± 250.7
93.3
Vitamin D (μg)
5
1.4 ± 0.9
0
5.5
1.1 ± 0.9
0
Vitamin E (mg)
6.5
5.6 ± 1.5
20
6.7
6.5 ± 1.5
43.3
Thiamine (mg)
0.5
0.5 ± 0.1
66.7
0.5
0.6 ± 0.2
76.7
Riboflavin (mg)
0.6
0.6 ± 0.1
40
0.61
0.7 ± 0.1
80
Vitamin B6 (mg)
0.5
0.9 ± 0.2
100
0.61
1 ± 0.3
96.7
Vitamin B12 (μg)
1
2.3 ± 1.4
96.7
1.1
2.2 ± 0.9
90
Folate (μg)
160
178.1 ± 76.3
46.7
177.8
196.8 ± 67
52.3
Vitamin C (mg)
37.5
70.7 ± 52
76.7
33.3
86.3 ± 46.8
83.3
Niacin (mg)
7
9.7 ± 2.8
80
7.8
10 ± 2.7
80
Minerals
Calcium (mg)
400
403.6 ± 121.3
50
444.4
493.4 ± 79.0
73.3
Potassium (mg)
1950
1403 ± 352
6.7
2166
1541 ± 316
0
Magnesium (mg)
85
94.5 ± 28.5
63.3
94.4
102.9 ± 24.2
60
Iron (mg)
3.5
5.6 ± 1.9
96.7
5.5
6.1 ± 1.5
56.7
Zinc (mg)
5
5.1 ± 0.8
60
4.4
5.3 ± 1.1
76.7
Copper (mg)
0.3
0.4 ± 0.1
66.7
0.4
0.4 ± 0.1
63.3
Selenium (μg)
22.5
18.8 ± 6.5
23.3
25
20.2 ± 8.2
23.3
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. RI: recommended intake. ∗Società Italiana di Nutrizione Umana. Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti ed Energia per la popolazione italiana (LARN–IV review 2014) [16].
