Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Associated Factors among Adult Diabetic Patients Who Attend the Diabetic Follow-Up Clinic at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2016: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Bivariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer among adult diabetic patients in Gondar Referral Hospital, Diabetic Clinic, 2016 ().

Variables	DM foot ulcer		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
	Yes	No
Sex
Male	27	127	2.20 (1.16, 4.64)
Female	11	114	1
Educational status
Unable to read and write	22	115	4.27 (1.23, 14.81)
Able to read and write	13	59	4.92 (1.34, 18.12)
Formal education	3	67	1
Residence
Urban	14	166	1	1
Rural	24	75	3.79 (1.86, 7.74)	2.57 (1.42, 5.93)
Current smoking
Yes	8	10	6.16 (2.26, 16.82)
No	30	231	1
Previous history of smoking
Yes	9	10	7.17 (2.69, 19.10)
No	29	231	1
Currently drink alcohol
Yes	17	74	1.83 (0.91, 3.66)
No	21	167	1
History of alcoholic drink
Yes	17	74	1.83 (0.91, 3.66)
No	21	167	1
Physical activity
Yes	22	206	1
No	16	35	4.28 (2.05, 8.94)
Previous history of diabetic foot ulcer
Yes	8	16	3.75 (1.48, 9.51)
No	30	225	1
Specially prescribed diet
Yes	35	238	1
No	3	3	6.8 (1.32, 35.0)
Regular follow-up
Yes	18	233	1
No	20	8	32.4 (12.5, 83.7)
Type of diabetes mellitus
Type one	7	103	1	1
Type two	31	138	3.31 (1.40, 7.80)	2.58 (1.22, 6.45)
Callus of foot
Yes	19	13	17.54 (7.52, 40.89)
No	19	228	1
Peripheral vascular disease
Yes	16	11	15.21 (6.29, 36.80)
No	22	230	1
Neuropathy
Yes	20	8	32.36 (12.52, 83.66)	21.76 (8.43, 57.47)
No	18	233	1	1
Body mass index
<24.5	14	143	1	1
24.5–29.5	18	78	2.36 (1.11, 4.10)	2.12 (1.15,3.10)
>29.5	6	20	3.06 (1.06, 8.89)	2.65 (1.25, 5.83)
Knowledge on diabetes mellitus
Not knowledgeable	25	86	3.47 (1.69, 7.12)
Knowledgeable	13	155	1
Foot self-care practice
Good practice	6	96	1	1
Poor practice	32	145	3.53 (1.42, 8.77)	2.52 (1.21,6.53)

Note: not statistically associated with diabetic foot ulcer in multivariate logistic regression analysis with value <0.05 at 95% CI.