Research Article
Detection of Islet Cell Immune Reactivity with Low Glycemic Index Foods: Is This a Concern for Type 1 Diabetes?
Table 2
Reactivity of antibodies against pancreatic islet cell antigens with food proteins.
| Food protein | Reactivity |
| Gluten | | Wheat | ZnT8 (4+) | Kamut | IR-A (1+) |
| Nongluten Grains | | Buckwheat | GAD-65 (4+), GAD-67 (3+), IR-A (1+) | Amaranth | GAD-65 (3+), IR-A (3+) | Quinoa | GAD-65 (2+), IR-A (2+) | Tapioca | IR-A (2+), GAD-65 (1+) | Oats | GAD-65 (2+) | Rice/rice cake | GAD-65 (3+), IA2 (3+), GAD-67 (2+) | Hemp | IR-A (1+) | Corn | GAD-65 (3+) |
| Beans & legumes | | Lentil | ZnT8 (5+) | Pea protein | ZnT8 (5+) | Pea cooked | ZnT8 (4+) | Pea lectin | IA2 (3+) | Garbanzo bean | ZnT8 (3+), IA2 (2+) | Lima bean | ZnT8 (2+), IA2 (1+) | Soy sauce gluten free | ZnT8 (1+), IA2 (1+) | Tofu | ZnT8 (1+), IA2 (1+) | Soy bean agglutinin | IA2 (2+) | Soy bean oleosin | ZnT8 (3+) |
| Seafood | | Clam | ZnT8 (2+) | Mackerel | IA2 (3+) | Salmon | ZnT8 (1+) | Tilapia | ZnT8 (3+) |
| Others | | Seaweed | ZnT8 (5+), IA2 (5+) | Egg yolk | ZnT8 (2+), IA2 (2+) | Yeast | GAD-65 (3+) | Mustard seed | ZnT8 (3+), IA2 (1+) |
| Milk proteins | | Goat’s milk | ZnT8 (2+) | Cow’s milk | GAD-67 (3+) | Milk chocolate | GAD-67 (3+) | Milk butyrophilin | IR-A (5+) | α+β casein | GAD-67 (2+) |
| Nuts | | Hazelnut | GAD-67 (1+) | Pecan | GAD-67 (2+) | Almond roasted | ZnT8 (2+) | Cashew vicilin | ZnT8 (2+) | Macadamia | ZnT8 (1+) | Peanut roasted | ZnT8 (3+) | Peanut oleosin | ZnT8 (4+) |
| Gums | | Guar gum | IA2 (5+), ZnT8 (4+) | Carrageenan | IA2 (2+), ZnT8 (1+) |
| Fruit | | Apricot | IA2 (5+) | Banana | ZnT8 (2+) | Cherry | ZnT8 (1+) | Kiwi | ZnT8 (2+) | Coconut | GAD-67 (1+) | Cranberry | GAD-67 (1+) | Orange juice | GAD-67 (1+) |
| Vegetables | | Bell pepper | IA2 (2+) | Garlic Ck | IA2 (2+) | Tomato | ZnT8 (2+) | Potato | IR-A (3+), GAD-65 (2+) | Yam + Sw Potato | ZnT8 (2+) | Zucchini | IA2 (3+) |
| Herbs | | Dill | IA2 (1+) | Mint | IA2 (2+) |
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