Retinal Photoreceptors and Microvascular Changes in Prediabetes Measured with Adaptive Optics (rtx1™): A Case-Control Study
Table 1
Group characteristics and results of the blood parameters and BMI in the groups.
Total
Prediabetic
Control
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
Number of subjects
34 (100)
12 (35)
22 (65)
Women
22 (65)
9 (75)
13 (59)
Characteristics
m ± SD
m ± SD
m ± SD
value†
Age (years)
52.1 ± 11.9
52.6 ± 10.0
42.4 ± 14.3
0.8733
BMI (kg/m2)
26.1 ± 3.9
30.4 ± 5.7
25 ± 2
0.0030
AL (mm)
24.17 ± 1.52
23.78 ± 1.52
24.24 ± 1.45
0.3568
Blood parameters
m ± SD
m ± SD
m ± SD
value†
FPG (mg/dL)
91 ± 10
102 ± 11
88 ± 6
0.0144
FPG (mmol/L)
5.0 ± 0.7
5.7 ± 06
4.8 ± 0.6
0.0038
2-h OGTT (mg/dL)
107 ± 27
141 ± 23
96 ± 17
0.0001
HbA1c (%)
5.46 ± 0.26
5.56 ± 0.36
5.43 ± 0.22
0.4227
Insulin (mIU/mL)
8.4 ± 6.5
12.7 ± 12.4
7.1 ± 3.1
0.3215
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
117 ± 24
174 ± 41
168 ± 17
0.6142
TG (mg/dL)
99 ± 33
115 ± 44
94 ± 28
0.2591
LDL (mg/dL)
114 ± 27
117 ± 27
113 ± 27
0.7994
HDL (mg/dL)
51 ± 10
52 ± 10
51 ± 10
0.6780
†Mann–Whitney U test. m: mean; SD: standard deviation; AL: mean axial length; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2-h OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c; TG: triglyceride; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI: body mass index.
