Research Article
Retinal Photoreceptors and Microvascular Changes in Prediabetes Measured with Adaptive Optics (rtx1™): A Case-Control Study
Table 3
The mean cone density in 4 retinal quadrants and characteristic of cone parameters in the groups.
| | Parameters | Total | Prediabetes | Control | value† |
| | Quadrants | m ± SD | m ± SD DM | m ± SD DM | | | DM (T) | 19,778 ± 2901 | 19,205 ± 2803 | 20,851 ± 3013 | 0.0899 | | DM (N) | 20,311 ± 3227 | 19,930 ± 3737 | 20,838 ± 2393 | 0.4487 | | DM (S) | 19,009 ± 2742 | 19,030 ± 2198 | 19,304 ± 3610 | 0.6283 | | DM (I) | 19,850 ± 2851 | 19,373 ± 2398 | 20,970 ± 3299 | 0.0708 | | 4 quadrants’ value‡ | 0.6313 | 0.9536 | 0.19833 | | | DM (1/mm2) | 19,686 ± 2195 | 19,188 ± 1919 | 20,491 ± 2443 | 0.0928† | | SM (1/mm2) | 7.92 ± 0.46 | 8.02 ± 0.39 | 7.76 ± 0.53 | 0.1062† | | N%5 | 24.6 ± 1.9 | 25.1 ± 2.0 | 23.8 ± 1.4 | 0.0472§ | | N%6 | 49.0 ± 4.5 | 47.6 ± 4.1 | 51.2 ± 4.2 | 0.0198† | | N%7 | 20.7 ± 1.3 | 21.1 ± 0.8 | 20.0 ± 1.6 | 0.0138§ | | N%8 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 0.1898§ |
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†t-test. ‡Friedman ANOVA test. §Mann–Whitney U test. m: mean; SD: standard deviation; DM: cone density. Quadrants—T: temporal; N: nasal; S: superior; I: inferior; N%n: percentage distribution of n-polygon cone packing as a function of the neighborhood; N%5: pentagonal shape; N%6: hexagonal shape; N%7: septagonal shape; N%8: octagonal shape.
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