Liver Biomarkers and Lipid Profiles in Mexican and Mexican-American 10- to 14-Year-Old Adolescents at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Characteristics of the 10- to 14-year-old Mexican and Mexican-American adolescents by sex and location.
Characteristics
Adolescents
Toluca ()
Texas ()
Females ()
Males ()
Females ()
Males ()
Age, years
12.02 ± 1.20
11.83 ± 1.23
0.431
11.97 ± 1.52
11.96 ± 1.37
0.590
Education
Elementary school (%)
46.1
58.6
0.000
51.4
48.6
0.047
Middle school (%)
53.8
41.3
48.5
51.3
Weight (kg)
52.35 ± 13.68
49.72 ± 14.17
0.263
54.31 ± 15.88
59.90 ± 21.21
0.077
Height (m)
149.71 ± 6.51
148.27 ± 8.83
0.256
150.17 ± 7.00
155.61 ± 11.76
0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
23.17 ± 5.26
22.24 ± 5.01
0.283
23.86 ± 6.01
24.08 ± 5.83
0.824
BMI-for-age z-score
0.88 ± 1.16
0.92 ± 1.38
0.120
1.08 ± 1.20
1.24 ± 0.98
0.038
BMI-for-age z-score distribution1
Normal weight
−0.16 ± 0.91
−0.17 ± 1.50
0.000
−0.13 ± 1.09
−0.05 ± 0.55
0.000
Overweight
1.24 ± 0.74
1.34 ± 0.36
0.000
1.37 ± 0.55
1.31 ± 0.22
0.000
Obese
1.76 ± 0.39
1.93 ± 0.45
0.000
2.05 ± 0.19
2.04 ± 0.42
0.000
Waist circumference (cm)
75.01 ± 10.80
71.60 ± 9.49
0.051
78.61 ± 12.66
82.57 ± 15.63
0.099
% body fat
25.52 ± 11.74
20.93 ± 12.18
0.022
31.41 ± 8.99
27.03 ± 10.85
0.010
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
115.24 ± 12.98
106.26 ± 9.54
0.251
107.53 ± 10.01
114.22 ± 22.05
0.037
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
70.22 ± 11.18
63.67 ± 10.61
0.000
64.52 ± 5.63
65.23 ± 5.93
0.351
Blood pressure classification2
0.297
0.824
Normal tension, % (n)
82.4 (75)
58.6 (34)
81.4 (57)
49.4 (37)
Prehypertension, % (n)
6.7 (6)
17.2 (10)
7.1 (5)
12.0 (9)
Stage 1 Hypertension, % (n)
6.7 (6)
15.5 (9)
8.5 (6)
26.3 (19)
Stage 2 Hypertension, % (n)
4.0 (4)
8.6 (5)
2.8 (2)
12.0 (9)
Age at menarche (females only)
11.38 ± 0.88
—
—
11.02 ± 1.03
—
—
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation value unless otherwise specified. 1Normal weight between the 95th and 85th percentile; overweight between the 85th and 95th percentile; obesity > 95th percentile. 2Normal tension < 90th percentile; prehypertension between the 90th and 94th percentile; stage 1 hypertension < 95th percentile; stage 2 hypertension < 99th percentile. value from overall test of association between Mexicans and Mexican-American adolescents’ characteristics (χ2 test for categorical variables, Student’s t-test for continuous variables).
