Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Correlates of Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound Parameters in Patients with Diabetes: The Study on the Assessment of Determinants of Muscle and Bone Strength Abnormalities in Diabetes

Table 3

Univariate correlations between QUS parameters and CVD risk factors and measures of complications (Spearman’s rho).


Variable	BUA		SOS		QUI		eBMD
Variable	r		r		r		r

Age	−0.176	<0.0001	−0.261	<0.0001	−0.232	<.00001	−0.225	<0.0001
Upper body strength	0.287	<0.0001	0.234	<0.0001	0.261	<0.0001	0.259	<0.0001
Lower body strength	0.288	<0.0001	0.252	<0.0001	0.271	<0.0001	0.273	<0.0001
Vo_2max	0.289	<0.0001	0.242	<0.0001	0.258	<0.0001	0.262	<0.0001
DM duration	−0.129	0.010	−0.070	0.162	−0.100	0.047	−0.092	0.068
HbA_1c	0.055	0.273	0.104	0.038	0.087	0.083	0.089	0.075
Glucose	0.047	0.349	0.048	0.341	0.051	0.310	0.051	0.314
BMI	0.194	<0.0001	0.129	0.010	0.174	<0.0001	0.174	<0.0001
Fat mass	−0.087	0.084	−0.051	0.315	−0.051	0.307	−0.060	0.229
Fat-free mass	0.386	<0.0001	0.278	<0.0001	0.328	<0.0001	0.336	<0.0001
Waist circumference	0.248	<0.0001	0.160	0.001	0.212	<0.0001	0.217	<0.0001
Triglycerides	0.162	0.001	0.094	0.060	0.133	0.008	0.137	0.006
Total cholesterol	−0.053	0.292	−0.019	0.713	−0.027	0.597	−0.028	0.578
HDL cholesterol	−0.251	<0.0001	−0.182	<0.0001	−0.217	<0.0001	−0.217	<0.0001
LDL cholesterol	−0.003	0.947	0.026	0.600	0.019	0.704	0.017	0.736
SBP	−0.055	0.274	−0.090	0.073	−0.072	0.151	−0.069	0.169
DBP	0.001	0.984	−0.013	0.793	0.001	0.981	0.002	0.975
Carotid IMT	0.030	0.548	−0.030	0.556	−0.005	0.915	−0.003	0.958
ABI	0.084	0.093	0.107	0.034	0.097	0.052	0.093	0.063
Uric acid	0.166	0.001	0.112	0.026	0.139	0.005	0.132	0.008
Plasma nitrogen	−0.056	0.263	−0.078	0.122	−0.085	0.088	−0.072	0.150
Serum creatinine	0.077	0.126	0.092	0.069	0.086	0.088	0.088	0.082
eGFR	0.070	0.161	0.103	0.041	0.102	0.041	0.096	0.057
ACR	0.095	0.057	0.115	0.022	0.107	0.033	0.116	0.021
PMN distal latency	0.069	0.167	0.062	0.215	0.063	0.209	0.075	0.134
PMN amplitude	0.072	0.150	0.107	0.034	0.101	0.045	0.091	0.068
PMN conduction velocity	0.015	0.771	0.021	0.684	0.032	0.526	0.019	0.710
SSN distal latency	0.120	0.017	0.109	0.029	0.113	0.024	0.113	0.025
SSN amplitude	0.096	0.055	0.133	0.008	0.133	0.008	0.120	0.016
SSN conduction velocity	0.034	0.494	0.053	0.294	0.060	0.235	0.046	0.358
VPT malleolus	−0.047	0.346	−0.073	0.144	−0.062	0.218	−0.050	0.318
VPT hallux	−0.045	0.365	−0.071	0.156	−0.061	0.221	−0.050	0.319
Resting HR	−0.080	0.109	−0.085	0.090	−0.089	0.075	−0.092	0.067
EI ratio	0.056	0.273	0.069	0.175	0.071	0.165	0.069	0.178
CT ratio	0.099	0.052	0.123	0.015	0.119	0.019	0.123	0.015
30 : 15ratio	0.114	0.025	0.181	<0.0001	0.161	0.001	0.157	0.002
Systolic BP fall	0.031	0.546	−0.011	0.822	0.005	0.914	0.004	0.938
BUA	—	—	0.850	<0.0001	0.935	<0.0001	0.930	<0.0001
SOS	0.850	<0.0001	—	—	0.973	<0.0001	0.973	<0.0001
QUI	0.935	<0.0001	0.973	<0.0001	—	—	0.995	<0.0001
eBMD	0.930	<0.0001	0.973	<0.0001	0.995	<0.0001	—	—

QUS = quantitative ultrasound; CVD = cardiovascular disease; BUA = broadband ultrasound attenuation; SOS = speed of sound; QUI = quantitative ultrasound index; eBMD = estimated bone mineral density; DM = diabetes mellitus; VO_2max = maximal oxygen consumption; HbA_1c = hemoglobin A_1c; BMI = body mass index; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; IMT = intima-media thickness; ABI = ankle-brachial index; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR = albumin : creatinine ratio; PMN peroneal motor nerve; SSN = sural sensory nerve; VPT = vibration perception threshold; HR = heart rate; EI = expiration : inspiration; CT = cough test.