Sulodexide Protects Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Stress-Induced Injury via Upregulating Klotho Expression at an Early Stage of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Table 2
Effects of sulodexide on renal functions in nondiabetic and diabetic rats.
Week
CON
SDX
DKD
DKD + 12SDX
DKD + 24SDX
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
12
0.47 ± 0.05
0.44 ± 0.04
0.95 ± 0.11##
1.01 ± 0.10
0.82 ± 0.11
24
0.55 ± 0.06
0.56 ± 0.05
1.35 ± 0.18###
1.09 ± 0.10
0.94 ± 0.10
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)
12
27.1 ± 3.0
26.2 ± 3.6
54.3 ± 5.9##
55.2 ± 4.9
32.7 ± 4.2
24
33.6 ± 3.4
31.3 ± 3.4
63.8 ± 6.7##
59.8 ± 5.9
44.4 ± 4.4
Urinary albumin (μg)
12
245 ± 24
261 ± 26
954 ± 119###
938 ± 88
518 ± 64
24
256 ± 22
245 ± 20
1344 ± 149###
1288 ± 134
788 ± 84
Urinary protein (mg)
12
12.5 ± 1.4
11.8 ± 1.3
21.9 ± 2.1##
20.5 ± 1.9
13.7 ± 1.4
24
13.0 ± 1.7
13.4 ± 1.8
26.4 ± 2.3##
26.1 ± 2.7
16.0 ± 1.8
Albumin (μg)/creatinine (mg)
12
15.3 ± 1.4
16.2 ± 1.5
64.7 ± 6.9###
65.7 ± 6.8
41.8 ± 5.0
24
19.5 ± 3.0
19.4 ± 2.6
84.1 ± 8.6###
80.8 ± 7.8
52.6 ± 5.3
Creatinine clearance (mL/min)
12
1.65 ± 0.14
1.58 ± 0.14
0.99 ± 0.11#
0.91 ± 0.09
1.34 ± 0.14
24
1.46 ± 0.11
1.49 ± 0.15
0.73 ± 0.09##
0.72 ± 0.11
1.21 ± 0.14
Kidney/body weight × 1000
24
4.86 ± 0.57
4.44 ± 0.58
8.58 ± 0.75#
8.82 ± 0.81
7.82 ± 0.74
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. #, ##, and ### as compared with CON; and as compared with DKD. CON = nondiabetic control; DKD = diabetic kidney disease control; 12SDX = treated with 10 mg/kg/day sulodexide from week 13 to 24; 24SDX = treated with 10 mg/kg/day sulodexide from week 0 to 24.
