Increased Serum Uric Acid Level Is a Risk Factor for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy but Not Independent of eGFR in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease
Table 1
Clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic characteristics of the study patients.
Variables
Q1 ()
Q2 ()
Q3 ()
Q4 ()
value
Clinical characteristics
SUA (μmol/L)
<324
324–399
399–470
>470
—
Age (years)
64.4 ± 10.6
62.5 ± 11.1
63.5 ± 12.5
63.6 ± 13.7
0.687
Smoking (n, %)
20 (18.5%)
23 (21.1%)
24 (21.8%)
26 (24.1%)
0.846
Alcohol (n, %)
16 (14.8%)
19 (17.4%)
20 (18.2%)
21 (19.4%)
0.914
Male (n, %)
58 (53.7%)
69 (63.3%)
85 (77.3%)
70 (63.6%)
0.004
DD (years)
12.0 ± 6.6
12.8 ± 7.5
14.0 ± 8.4
12.5 ± 8.3
0.374
HTN (n, %)
66 (61.1%)
81 (74.3%)
91 (82.7%)
78 (72.2%)
<0.001
Dyslipidemia (n, %)
66 (61.1%)
80 (73.4%)
86 (78.2%)
79 (73.1%)
0.057
CI (n, %)
9 (8.3%)
10 (9.2%)
16 (14.5%)
15 (13.9%)
0.355
CHD (n, %)
12 (11.1%)
9 (8.3%)
19 (17.3%)
27 (25.0%)
0.015
AHAs (n, %)
59 (54.6%)
75 (68.8%)
79 (71.8%)
82 (75.9%)
0.006
LLDs (n, %)
6 (5.6%)
6 (5.5%)
6 (5.5%)
6 (5.6%)
0.985
SBP (mmHg)
141 ± 19
143 ± 23
142 ± 25
139 ± 22
0.683
DBP (mmHg)
81 ± 10
80 ± 13
82 ± 13
78 ± 13
0.230
BMI (kg/m2)
23.2 ± 3.2
24.8 ± 6.6
24.9 ± 3.5
25.3 ± 3.8
0.400
Biochemical variables
FPG (mmol/L)
7.72 ± 2.93
7.61 ± 3.02
7.78 ± 3.67
7.47 ± 3.43
0.577
2 h PPG (mmol/L)
12.79 ± 4.61
12.23 ± 4.75
11.42 ± 4.68
11.61 ± 4.45
0.074
HbA1c (%)
8.6 ± 2.2
8.1 ± 1.9
7.5 ± 1.9
7.2 ± 1.7
<0.001
TC (mmol/L)
5.14 ± 1.67
5.19 ± 1.60
4.98 ± 1.64
5.13 ± 1.67
0.675
TG (mmol/L)
1.93 ± 2.26
1.96 ± 1.50
2.39 ± 1.79
1.76 ± 1.33
0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.16 ± 0.37
1.08 ± 0.30
1.01 ± 0.33
1.07 ± 0.38
0.003
LDL-C (mmol/L)
3.14 ± 1.43
3.10 ± 1.21
3.02 ± 1.11
2.95 ± 1.20
0.792
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)
86.1 ± 40.3
58.1 ± 39.9
41.6 ± 32.9
24.9 ± 24.6
<0.001
UAER (mg/24 h)
1247.5 ± 1721.7
2337.8 ± 2767.3
2362.8 ± 2521.7
2140.41 ± 1931.5
0.001
UACR (mg/g)
1270.9 ± 1984.6
2265.0 ± 2369.8
2309.2 ± 2224.4
2758.6 ± 2386.8
<0.001
CRP (mg/L)
8.15 ± 24.59
9.19 ± 22.61
7.65 ± 20.31
15.02 ± 23.64
0.246
Echocardiographic data
LVDD (mm)
46.17 ± 3.99
46.50 ± 4.73
47.45 ± 5.48
48.82 ± 4.88
<0.001
LVDS (mm)
30.69 ± 4.27
31.47 ± 4.56
31.90 ± 4.59
33.19 ± 5.00
<0.001
IVST (mm)
10.35 ± 1.52
10.68 ± 1.84
11.08 ± 1.86
10.79 ± 1.73
0.028
PWTD (mm)
9.67 ± 2.23
9.93 ± 1.63
10.05 ± 1.64
10.06 ± 1.52
0.023
LVEF (%)
62 ± 5
61 ± 7
61 ± 5
60 ± 7
0.352
LVMI (g/m2)
94.66 ± 28.31
97.25 ± 31.28
103.38 ± 30.19
110.12 ± 30.08
<0.001
LVH (n, %)
28 (25.9%)
26 (23.9%)
35 (31.8%)
48 (44.4%)
0.004
SUA: serum uric acid; DD: duration of diabetes; HTN: hypertension; CI: cerebral infarction; CHD: coronary heart disease; AHAs: antihypertensive agents; LLDs: lipid-regulating drugs; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2 h PPG: 2 h postprandial plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration; UAER: urinary albumin excretion rates; UACR: urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; CRP: C-reactive protein; LVDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVDS: left ventricular end-systolic dimension; IVST: interventricular septal thickness; PWTD: posterior wall end-diastolic thickness; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy.
