Renoprotective Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes

Figure 1

Effects of sitagliptin treatment on diabetic nephropathy lesions in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes. (a) Histopathological lesions in untreated diabetic nephropathy. Glomerular lesions: (A) glomerulosclerosis, (B) nodular sclerosis, (C) thickened capsule of Bowman, and (D) normal glomerulus. All other glomeruli on the image display various degrees of mesangial expansion. Tubulointerstitial lesions: (E) hyaline cylinders, (F) irregular shape of hyaline cylinders that indicates irregular tubular membranes, (G) various degrees of thickened and irregular tubular basement membranes a characteristic of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA). PAS staining of a kidney section from an obese diabetic untreated ZDF rat (original magnification ×100). (b) Improvement of histopathological lesions in sitagliptin-treated diabetic nephropathy. Glomerular lesions: Reduction of lesion severity, with global rise in (A) normal glomeruli and (B) the remainder showing various degrees of mesangial expansion, an early lesion of disease. Tubulointerstitial lesions: Most of the interstitium has normal appearance, showing only a focal patch of moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA); PAS staining of a kidney section from an obese diabetic sitagliptin-treated ZDF rat (original magnification ×100).

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