Glycopatterns of Urinary Protein as New Potential Diagnosis Indicators for Diabetic Nephropathy

Figure 2

The alterations of urinary glycopatterns associated with development of DN. (a) Hierarchical clustering analysis of the 20 lectins with three biological replicates. Samples were listed in columns and the lectins were listed in rows. The color and intensity of each square indicated expression levels relative to other data in the row. Red: high, green: low, and black: medium. (b) Comparing the NFIs of the urinary glycopatterns based upon ratio of each lectin between HVs, T2DM, and DN groups. Significant differences between groups were analyzed according to Student’s -test, respectively (, , and ). The data were the averaged NFIs ± SD of three biological replicates.

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