The Preferential Impairment of Pupil Constriction Stimulated by Blue Light in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes without Autonomic Neuropathy

<div>Pupillary light reflex waveform and kinetic parameters.<i> D</i>1, baseline average pupil diameters for one sec before light stimulus (470 nm or 635 nm);<i> T</i>1, period required to start pupil constriction after light stimulus;<i> D</i>2, the minimum pupil diameter;<i> T</i>3, period for<i> D</i>2 after light stimulus; PIPR (postillumination pupillary response) after light offset, due to rod and ipRGC at &lt;1.7 sec and due to ipRGC at ≤1.7–3.0 sec after light offset.</div>

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Figure 1

Figure 1: The Preferential Impairment of Pupil Constriction Stimulated by Blue Light in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes without Autonomic Neuropathy 