The Preferential Impairment of Pupil Constriction Stimulated by Blue Light in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes without Autonomic Neuropathy
Table 5
Relationship between the parameters of pupillary light reflex and clinical factors, neurophysiological tests, or corneal nerve fiber measures in total type 2 diabetic patients.
Baseline pupil diameter
Latency period
Pupil diameter constriction
Pupil constriction velocity
470 nm
635 nm
470 nm
635 nm
470 nm
635 nm
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
Age
−0.177
0.100
0.245
0.025
0.063
0.570
−0.255
0.020
−0.236
0.032
−0.237
0.041
−0.087
0.435
SBP
−0.263
0.010
0.034
0.739
0.126
0.232
−0.185
0.072
−0.109
0.287
−0.140
0.178
−0.009
0.933
DBP
−0.324
0.002
−0.039
0.707
0.088
0.411
−0.118
0.262
−0.149
0.153
−0.083
0.433
−0.072
0.502
HbA1c
−0.157
0.159
0.238
0.035
−0.030
0.797
−0.057
0.614
0.028
0.808
0.003
0.977
0.071
0.545
HDL-C
−0.116
0.282
−0.275
0.013
−0.166
0.143
0.060
0.580
0.201
0.070
0.121
0.275
0.200
0.078
Amplitude of MN
0.231
0.024
−0.027
0.794
0.012
0.912
0.180
0.084
0.066
0.530
0.145
0.172
0.024
0.822
CNFD
0.267
0.006
0.156
0.115
0.105
0.306
0.077
0.438
0.102
0.308
0.079
0.435
0.102
0.323
CNFL
0.242
0.014
0.158
0.113
0.084
0.418
0.072
0.472
0.112
0.265
0.076
0.457
0.105
0.310
CNBD
0.310
0.001
−0.057
0.578
0.090
0.395
0.118
0.252
0.182
0.077
0.076
0.468
0.071
0.506
CNBL
0.272
0.005
−0.012
0.911
0.070
0.512
0.106
0.308
0.163
0.117
0.064
0.544
0.102
0.339
CNBD: corneal nerve branch density; CNBL: corneal nerve branch length; CNFD: corneal nerve fiber density; CNFL: corneal nerve fiber length, CV: coefficient of variation; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; MCV: motor nerve conduction velocity; MN: median nerve; SBP: systolic blood pressure; St.: standard.
