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| Study | Time and methods of diagnosis | Diagnostic criteria |
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| Bień et al. [3] | Diabetes first diagnosed during pregnancy, in accordance with the current guidelines of the Polish Diabetology Society: for pregnant women with risk factors, the 75 g OGTT is required. If glycemia is normal, the test should be readministered at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy or when first symptoms indicative of diabetes are observed. For women without risk factors, the 75 g OGTT is administered at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy | 75-g OGTT:
FPG levels of 92–125 mg/dl and/or 1 h PG level ≥180 mg/dl and/or 2 h PG level of 153–199 mg/dl |
|
| Danyliv et al. [18] | Pregnant women were offered screening at 24–28 weeks’ gestation using a 75 g OGTT | 75 g OGTT in accordance with the IADPSG criteria |
|
| Kopec et al. [19] | GDM was diagnosed by a two-step approach. The oral GCT administered between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Women with 1 h PG level >180 mg/dl (10.0 mmol/l) in the OGCT were classified as having GDM. Women with PG levels between 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l) and 180 mg/dl (10.0 mmol/l) were referred for a diagnostic 75 g OGTT | Two-step approach:
50 g GCT followed, if positive, by 75 g OGTT interpreting the results according to the WHO diagnostic criteria |
|
| Latif et al. [25] | GDM was diagnosed at 28 weeks of pregnancy | A 2 h 75 g OGTT according to the WHO diagnostic criteria |
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| Trutnovsky et al. [20] | Diagnosed GDM based on the results of an elevated 75 g OGTT | Diagnostic criteria not fully specified |
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| Lapolla et al. [9] | GDM was diagnosed according to Carpenter and Coustan’s criteria | Carpenter and Coustan’s criteria |
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| Dalfrà et al. [8] | Screening for GDM was done with a GCT between the 24th and 28th weeks of gestation, and the diagnosis was confirmed with a 100 g OGTT, interpreting the results according to the Recommendations of the 4th International Workshop Conference on GDM | Carpenter and Coustan’s criteria |
|
| Petkova et al. [26] | Women, suspected to have GDM, were subjected to 2 h 75 g GCT. Those with sugar level around 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L) or above were requested for OGTT recommended by WHO | Two-step approach:
GCT + OGTT interpreting the results according to the WHO diagnostic criteria |
|
| Halkoaho et al. [21] | The diagnosis of GDM is based on a 2 h glucose tolerance test generally administered during the 24th–28th weeks of pregnancy to women with GDM risk factors | Diagnostic criteria not fully specified |
|
| Mautner et al. [22] | The group “gestational diabetes” included women diagnosed with a pathological oral glucose tolerance test requiring insulin therapy at the end of the second and the beginning of the third trimester. The diagnosis of GDM is based on a pathological OGTT | Diagnostic criteria not fully specified |
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| Dalfrà et al. [27] | Screening for GDM was done with a GCT between the 24th and 28th weeks of gestation, and the diagnosis was confirmed with a 100 OGTT | Carpenter and Coustan’s criteria |
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| Elnour et al. [28] | Women within the first 20 weeks of gestation confirmed diagnosis of GDM | Diagnostic criteria not specified |
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| Kim et al. [23] | GDM was diagnosed according to Carpenter and Coustan’s criteria between 24–28 weeks of gestation | Carpenter and Coustan’s criteria |
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| Crowther et al. [29] | Pregnancy between 16 and 30 weeks’ gestation with one or more risk factors for gestational diabetes on selective screening or a positive 50 g GCT and a 75 g OGTT at 24 to 34 weeks’ gestation in accordance with the WHO diagnostic criteria | Two-step or one-step approach:
50 g GCT: 1 h PG level ≥140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l) + 75 g OGTT: 2 h PG level of 140–198 (7.8–11.0 mmol/l)
or selective screening: 75 g OGTT interpreting the results according to the WHO diagnostic criteria |
|
| Rumbold and Crowther [24] | Universal antenatal screening for GDM by either a random blood sample or a 50 g GCT at 24 to 28 weeks’ gestation. Women who screen positive are offered a diagnostic 75 g OGTT | Two-step approach:
random blood sample or 50 g GCT followed, if positive, by 75 g OGTT interpreting the results according to the WHO diagnostic criteria |
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