NGAL as an Early Predictive Marker of Diabetic Nephropathy in Children and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Background data, clinical examination, and biochemical measurement results for 57 children with type 1 diabetes, 59 adult patients with type 1 diabetes, and healthy control participants.
Variable
Type 1 diabetes children group (group A)
Healthy control children group (group C)
value
Type 1 diabetes adult group (group B)
Healthy control adult group (group D)
value
Gender
Male 32; female 25
Male 28; female 21
Male 34; female 25
Male 8; female 10
Age (years)
13.9 ± 1.9 (3.5–18)
10.5 ± 3.3 (3–18)
28.0 ± 2.2 (20–35)
27.7 ± 2.6 (21–36)
Age at onset (years)
8.5 ± 3.4 (2–15)
NA
NA
8.6 ± 4.1 (1–16)
NA
NA
Diabetes duration (years)
5.4 ± 1.8 (1–14.5)
NA
NA
7.4 ± 0.9 (4.8-9.4)
NA
NA
Mean HbA1c (95% CI for the mean)
7.88%–8.85% (5.8%–14%) or 62.6–73.2 mmol/mol (39.9–129.5 mmol/ mol)
4.4%–4.9% or 25–30 mmol/mol
7.06%–7.88% (4.6%–11.7%) or 53.7–62.6 mmol/mol (26.8–104.4 mmol/ mol)
4.1%–5.2% or 23–33 mmol/mol
BMI (95% CI for the mean)
NA
NA
25.0–27.3 (20.1–40.4)
25.9–30.6 (21.0–30.4)
BMI z-score (95% CI for the mean)
0.2 to 0.8 (−1.0–1.5)
−0.1 to 0.7 (−1.43–1.11)
−0.2 to 0.2 (−1.4–3.3)
−0.1 to 1.2 (−1.3–2.3)
NA
Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg) (95% CI for the mean)
109.81 to 117.18 (76–133)
98.24 to 118.75 (90–119)
121.44 to 126.33 (108–140)
105.35 to 116.31 (100–140)
Systolic arterial pressure z-score (95% CI for the mean)
0.02 to 0.58 (−0.9–2.8)
0.01 to 0.39 (−0.4–2.5)
NA
NA
NA
Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg) (95% CI for the mean)
65.3 to 70.5 (50–85)
56.9 to 67.0 (51–75)
75.8 to 80.0 (60–98)
66.7 to 76.0 (55–90)
Microalbuminuria
8 out of 57
None
7 out of 59
None
Diastolic arterial pressure z-score (95% CI for the mean)
