| | | <40 years old | 40–49 y | 50–59 y | ≥60 y |
| | Total | | | | | | N | 237 (12) | 462 (234) | 802 (41) | 444 (23) | | Sex | | | | | | Male | 138 (58) | 238 (52) | 272 (34) | 176 (40) | | Occupation | | | | | | Professional/business | 185 (80) | 330 (73) | 313 (40) | 46 (11) | | Workers | 17 (7) | 35 (8) | 46 (6) | 14 (3) | | Retired | 0 (0) | 37 (8) | 367 (47) | 354 (82) | | Jobless/others | 30 (13) | 48 (11) | 62 (8) | 19 (4) | | Ethnicity | | | | | | Han | 226 (96) | 446 (97) | 775 (97) | 414 (94) | | Others | 9 (4) | 16 (4) | 22 (3) | 25 (6) | | Education level | | | | | | Low | 1 (0) | 12 (3) | 37 (5) | 38 (9) | | Middle | 63 (27) | 194 (43) | 454 (58) | 206 (48) | | High | 170 (73) | 250 (55) | 299 (38) | 185 (43) | | Smoking state | | | | | | Smoker (current or past) | 76 (32) | 143 (31) | 145 (18) | 72 (16) | | Body shape | | | | | | BMI (kg/m2) | 27 (25, 30) | 26 (24, 28) | 26 (24, 28) | 25 (24, 28) | | Normal: BMI < 25 | 73 (31) | 164 (36) | 316 (39) | 192 (43) | | Overweight: 25 ≤ BMI < 30 | 111 (47) | 246 (53) | 398 (50) | 204 (46) | | Obese: BMI ≥ 30 | 53 (22) | 52 (11) | 88 (11) | 48 (11) | | Waist (cm) | 90 (84, 98) | 90 (83, 96) | 88 (82, 94) | 88 (83, 95) | | Blood pressure | | | | | | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118 (110, 123) | 120 (110, 126) | 120 (112, 130) | 125 (119, 133) | | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 (70, 80) | 78 (70, 81) | 79 (70, 81) | 78 (70, 80) | | Glucose level | | | | | | Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.9 (5.3, 6.3) | 6.0 (5.4, 6.4) | 6.0 (5.5, 6.4) | 6.0 (5.5, 6.3) | | 2 h plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 8.7 (7.9, 9.6) | 8.8 (8.0, 9.7) | 9.0 (8.1, 9.9) | 9.0 (8.3, 10.0) | | HbA1c (%) | 5.7 (5.4, 5.9) | 5.7 (5.5, 6.0) | 5.8 (5.6, 6.1) | 5.8 (5.6, 6.1) | | HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 39 (36, 41) | 39 (37, 42) | 40 (38, 43) | 40 (38, 43) | | HbA1c < 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) | 114 (48) | 180 (39) | 237 (30) | 127 (29) | | 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) ≤ HbA1c < 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) | 112 (47) | 248 (54) | 507 (63) | 277 (62) | | HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) | 11 (5) | 34 (7) | 58 (7) | 40 (9) | | IGT | 198 (84) | 379 (82) | 680 (85) | 397 (89) | | Isolated IGT | 142 (60) | 253 (55) | 425 (53) | 237 (53) | | IFG + IGT | 56 (24) | 126 (27) | 255 (32) | 160 (36) | | Isolated IFG | 39 (17) | 83 (18) | 122 (15) | 47 (11) | | Lipid level | | | | | | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.6 (4.0, 5.2) | 4.8 (4.2, 5.3) | 5.0 (4.3, 5.7) | 4.9 (4.3, 5.5) | | LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.9 (2.5, 3.4) | 3.1 (2.6, 3.6) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.8) | 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) | | HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | | Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.5) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | | Liver function | | | | | | ALT (U/L) | 26 (18, 43) | 22 (16, 32) | 21 (16, 29) | 18 (14, 24) | | AST (U/L) | 22 (18, 28) | 20 (17, 26) | 22 (18, 26) | 21 (18, 25) | | Hemoglobin | | | | | | Hemoglobin (g/L) | 148 (135, 161) | 146 (134, 157) | 140 (133, 150) | 140 (131, 148) | | HOMA | | | | | | HOMA-IR | 3.2 (1.8, 4.2) | 2.5 (1.5, 3.4) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.5) | 2.3 (1.5, 3.3) | | HOMA-beta | 103.8 (66.0, 157.1) | 80.1 (51.9, 115.8) | 75.4 (51.5, 109.9) | 73.4 (48.7, 104.1) | | Cytokines | | | | | | CRP (μmol/L) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.3) | 1.1 (0.7, 2.4) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.4) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.4) | | Adiponectin | 5.2 (3.7, 7.0) | 5.6 (3.7, 8.2) | 6.3 (4.6, 9.3) | 6.9 (4.7, 9.5) | | SOD | 6.5 (3.7, 9.7) | 7.0 (4.3, 10.4) | 6.9 (4.1, 10.8) | 6.7 (4.5, 10.0) | | Amylin | 7.7 (6.6, 9.4) | 7.6 (6.5, 9.5) | 7.5 (6.4, 9.3) | 7.5 (6.3, 9.7) | | IL-6 | 2.2 (1.5, 4.2) | 2.0 (1.5, 3.4) | 2.4 (1.5, 4.1) | 2.5 (1.6, 4.3) | | Urine ACR | | | | | | Urine albumin/Cr (mg/g) | 6.4 (4.1, 13.5) | 7.4 (4.3, 14.3) | 7.4 (4.5, 14.5) | 7.7 (4.8, 16.9) | | Diet | | | | | | Daily calories intake (kcal/d) | 1619 (1259, 2032) | 1557 (1230, 1946) | 1512 (1254, 1841) | 1515 (1244, 1893) | | Proportion of total calories intake from carbohydrate (%) | 58 (50, 66) | 59 (49, 68) | 59 (50, 68) | 61 (53, 68) | | Proportion of total calories intake from protein (%) | 14 (12, 17) | 15 (12, 17) | 14 (12, 17) | 14 (12, 16) | | Proportion of total calories intake from fat (%) | 25 (19, 31) | 24 (17, 31) | 24 (18, 30) | 23 (16, 29) | | Physical activity | | | | | | Low level | 95 (42) | 133 (30) | 168 (22) | 60 (14) | | Medium level | 108 (47) | 241 (54) | 411 (53) | 224 (53) | | High level | 25 (11) | 75 (17) | 195 (25) | 141 (33) |
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