Effects of Face-to-Face and Telephone-Based Family-Oriented Education on Self-Care Behavior and Patient Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 4

Comparison of patient clinical outcomes among the three groups at the beginning and at the end of the study.

Variable		Control group (mean ± SD)	Phone group (mean ± SD)	Face-to-face group (mean ± SD)	ANOVA
BMI	Preintervention	3.85 ± 28.25	4.06 ± 29.41	4.77 ± 28.27
					Postintervention	3.64 ± 28.71	3.99 ± 29.31	4.67 ± 28.08
	FBS (mg/dl)	Preintervention	42.56 ± 147.3	46.7 ± 154.5					50.63 ± 163.76
					Postintervention	38.69 ± 150.9	33.43 ± 138.33	37.65 ± 144.3
Cholesterol (mg/dl)		Preintervention	48.76 ± 167.7	49.52 ± 173.7					52.46 ± 172.5
					Postintervention	49.9 ± 180.23	39.4 ± 154.53	49.4 ± 148.53
	Triglyceride (mg/dl)	Preintervention	53.36 ± 162.83	96.12 ± 163.46					69.11 ± 133.9
					Postintervention	53.94 ± 166.63	55.32 ± 132.7	54.81 ± 118.7
HbA1c (%)		Preintervention	1.7 ± 7.8	1.1 ± 8.2					1.5 ± 7.9
					Postintervention	1.5 ± 7.8	1.2 ± 7.3	1.2 ± 7.2