Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Table 1

Clinical trials of BM-MSCs and UCB-MSCs.

First author	Publication year	Cellular type	Object	Delivery method	Duration of observation	Clinical parameters
Dash	2009	Autologous BM-MSCs	24 patients with nonhealing ulcers of the lower limb (diabetic foot ulcers and Buerger disease)	Autologous cultured BM-derived MSCs along with standard wound dressing	12 weeks	Decrease in wound size, increase in pain-free walking distance, maintain normal liver and renal function, improve leg perfusion sufficiently
Amann	2009	Autologous BM-MSCs	51 patients with impending major amputation due to severe critical limb ischemia	Intramuscular transplantation	6 months	Improve leg perfusion sufficiently to reduce major amputations and permit durable limb salvage, reduce analgesics consumption, increase in pain-free walking distance
Vojtassak	2006	Autologous biograft composed of autologous skin fibroblasts on biodegradable collagen membrane (Coladerm) in combination with autologous BM-MSCs	Patients with diabetic foot	Directly to the wound and injected into the edges of the wound, finally covered with prepared autologous biograft, received two additional treatments with cultured MSC on days 7 and 17	29 days	Decrease in wound size and an increase in the vascularity of the dermis and in the dermal thickness of the wound bed
Lu	2011	Autologous BM-MSCs	41 type 2 diabetic patients with bilateral critical limb ischemia and foot ulcer	Intramuscular injection	24 weeks	Increase in pain-free walking distance, improve leg perfusion, ankle-brachial index (ABI), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcO2), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) analysis
Procházka	2010	Autologous BM-MSCs	96 patients with critical limb ischemia and foot ulcer	Inject into the ischemic limb along the posterior and anterior tibial artery	120 days	79% limb salvage in patients
Li	2013	Allogeneic UCB-MSCs	15 diabetic patients with foot disease	10 mL is injected intramuscularly into impaired lower limbs and 2 mL is delivered into the basilar portions of foot ulcers and the surrounding subcutaneous tissues	12 weeks	Weakness, numbness, pain, cold feeling, or intermittent limp, skin temperature, ABI, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcO2) are improved

BM-MSCs: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and UCB-MSCs: umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells.