Incidence and Contributing Factors of Persistent Hyperglycemia at 6–12 Weeks Postpartum in Iranian Women with Gestational Diabetes: Results from LAGA Cohort Study
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with postpartum glucose test results among women with recent gestational diabetes at 6–12 weeks postpartum.
Characteristics
Total ()
NGT ()
AGT ()
value
(%)
(%)
(%)
Education
<high school
54 (30.7)
47 (34.3)
7 (17.9)
0.03
High school
81 (46.0)
56 (40.9)
25 (64.1)
Collage
41 (23.3)
34 (24.8)
7 (17.9)
Gravidity
1
49 (27.8)
38 (27.7)
11 (28.2)
0.58
2
57 (32.4)
42 (30.7)
15 (38.5)
3
40 (22.7)
31 (22.6)
9 (23.1)
≥4
30 (17.0)
26 (19.0)
4 (10.3)
Ethnicity
Fars
63 (35.8)
47 (34.3)
16 (41.0)
0.29
Lor
33 ( 18.8)
29 (21.2)
4 (10.3)
Arab
80 (45.5)
61 (44.5)
19 (48.7)
Prepregnancy BMI
Normal
50 (28.4)
43 (31.4)
7 (17.9)
0.20
Overweight
73 (41.5)
56 (40.9)
17 (43.6)
Obesity
53 (30.1)
38 (27.7)
15 (38.5)
Preterm delivery (<37 weeks’ gestation)
Yes
14 (8.0)
7 (5.1)
7 (17.9)
0.009
No
162 (92.0)
130 (94.9)
32 (82.1)
Mode of delivery
Vaginal
76 (43.2)
64 (46.7)
12 (30.8)
0.07
Cesarean section
100 (56.8)
73 (53.3)
27 (69.2)
History of GDM in family
Yes
47 (42.7)
17 (63.0)
0.05
No
73 (53.3)
63 (57.3)
10 (37.0)
History of diabetes in family
Yes
98 (55.7)
76 (55.5)
22 (56.4)
0.57
No
78 (44.3)
61 (44.5)
17 (43.6)
Hypertension in pregnancy
Yes
26 (14.8)
17 (12.4)
9 (23.1)
0.09
No
150 (85.2)
120 (87.6)
30 (76.9)
Nutrition of infant 6–12 weeks after birth
Breast feeding
131 (74.4)
102 (74.5)
29 (74.4)
0.99
Formula or combined
45 (25.6)
35 (25.5)
10 (25.6)
Treatment of GDM
Nutrition
142 (80.7)
120 (87.6)
22 (56.4)
<0.001
Metformin
12 ( 6.8)
7 (5.1)
5 (12.8)
Insulin
22 (12.5)
10 (7.3)
12 (30.8)
Number of abnormal tests in pregnancy
1
87 (49.4)
71 (51.8)
16 (41)
0.40
2
41 (23.3)
31 (22.6)
10 (25.6)
3
27 (15.3)
18 (13.1)
9 (23.1)
≥4
21 (11.9)
17 (12.4)
4 (10.3)
NGT, normal glucose tolerance; AGT, abnormal glucose tolerance (prediabetes or diabetes); GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus. Using chi square test. Normal ≤ 29.9 kg/m2, overweight ≥ 25kg/m2, obesity ≥ 30 kg/m2. Missing data are unknown history of GDM in family.
