Tapentadol Prolonged Release Reduces the Severe Chronic Ischaemic Pain and Improves the Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Main and baseline characteristics in patients with diabetes and PAD.

Group	Patients	Males	Females	Males versus females; value
Gender (M/F)	12/13	12/0	0/13	—
Age (yrs)^§ mean ± SD	74.4 ± 9.55	76.7 ± 5.8	72.2 ± 11.9	NS
Types of pain (%)				NS
Nociceptive pain	24.0	8.3	38.5
Neuropathic pain	0	0	0
Mixed	48.0	50.0	46.2
Other	28.0	41.7	15.4
Trends of pain (%)				NS
Continuous	16	16.7	15.4
Intermittent	84.0	83.3	84.6
Pain intensity (NRS)°	7.9	8.0	7.8	NS
DN4 score < 4 (%)	28.0	25	30.8	NS
Quality of sleep (%)				NS
Very disturbed	32.0	41.7	23.1
Frequent awakenings	68.0	58.3	76.9
Constipation (%)	8.0	16.7	0	NS
Side effects (%)	8.0	0	15.4	NS

Values are mean ± SD. Quality of sleep has been assessed on four-point scale: deep, good, frequent awakenings, and very disturbed. NRS: numeric pain intensity scale from 0 to 10. DN4: diagnostic neuropathic pain questionnaire. °Related to NRS, numeric pain intensity scale. ^§By one-way ANOVA ( value) test. By Chi-square method. By Mann–Whitney U test.