Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on Variability

Table 1

An overview of the insulin categories, types, and available concentrations.

Category	Type	Insulin molecule	Product name	Units/millilitre and manufacturer
Prandial	Rapid-acting	Insulin aspart	Fiasp®; NovoLog®/NovoRapid®	100 U (Novo Nordisk) [39]; 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [42, 43]
		Insulin lispro	Humalog®	100 U, 200 U (Eli Lilly) [44, 45]
		Insulin glulisine	Apidra®	100 U (Sanofi-Aventis) [46]
	Short-acting	Human insulin	Novolin® R/Actrapid®; Humulin® R U-100; Humulin R U-500	40 U, 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [47, 48]; 100 U (Eli Lilly) [49]; 500 U (Eli Lilly) [50]
Basal	Intermediate-acting	NPH insulin	Novolin N/Insulatard®; Humulin N	40 U, 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [51, 52]; 100 U (Eli Lilly) [53]
		Insulin detemir	Levemir®	100 U (Novo Nordisk) [54]
	Long-acting	Insulin glargine	Lantus®; Toujeo®	100 U, (Sanofi-Aventis) [55]; 300 U (Sanofi-Aventis) [37]
		Insulin degludec	Tresiba®	100 U, 200 U (Novo Nordisk) [40]
Insulin mixtures/combinations	Intermediate-acting and rapid/short-acting	NPH/human insulin	Novolin 70/30/; Mixtard® 30/40/50; Humulin 70/30	Ratio 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50; 40 U, 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [56, 57]; ratio 70/30100 U (Eli Lilly) [58]
		Insulin aspart protamine/aspart	NovoLog® Mix 70/30+ 50/50/; NovoMix® 30/50/70	Ratio 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70; 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [59–61]
		Insulin lispro protamine/lispro	Humalog Mix 75/25+ 50/50	Ratio 75/25 and 50/50; 100 U (Eli Lilly) [62, 63]
	Long-acting and rapid-acting	Insulin degludec/insulin aspart	Ryzodeg®	Ratio 70/30; 100 U (Novo Nordisk) [41]