Cognitive Function Is Impaired in Patients with Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes, but Not Type 1 Diabetes
Table 3
Comparison of cognition tests between recently diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes and healthy individuals and between participants with a known type 1 and type 2 diabetes duration of five years after adjusting for crystallized intelligence, age, and sex.
Individuals with recently diagnosed diabetes and metabolically healthy individuals
Individuals with a known diabetes duration of five years
Type 2 diabetes versus type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes versus healthy individuals
Type 1 diabetes versus healthy individuals
Type 2 diabetes versus type 1 diabetes
β (95% CI)
value
β (95% CI)
value
β (95% CI)
value
β (95% CI)
value
Verbal memory
−0.12 (−0.56; 0.33)
0.602
−0.49 (−0.93; −0.05)
0.029
−0.37 (−0.89; 0.14)
0.156
−0.81 (−1.44; −0.18)
0.012
Digit sequencing
0.02 (−0.37; 0.41)
0.917
−0.20 (−0.58; 0.18)
0.306
−0.22 (−0.67; 0.23)
0.339
0.34 (−0.22; 0.90)
0.227
Token motor task
−0.23 (−0.58; 0.13)
0.204
−0.06 (−0.42; 0.29)
0.716
0.16 (−0.25; 0.58)
0.435
−0.21 (−0.79; 0.38)
0.486
Verbal fluency
−0.03 (−0.43; 0.38)
0.897
−0.12 (−0.52; 0.28)
0.561
−0.09 (−0.57; 0.38)
0.702
−0.24 (−0.76; 0.27)
0.347
Symbol coding score
0.07 (−0.26; 0.40)
0.680
−0.12 (−0.45; 0.21)
0.483
−0.19 (−0.57; 0.20)
0.343
−0.18 (−0.71; 0.34)
0.487
Tower of London
−0.08 (−0.39; 0.23)
0.606
0.03 (−0.28; 0.33)
0.864
0.11 (−0.25; 0.47)
0.557
−0.12 (−0.60; 0.36)
0.615
BACS composite score
−0.08 (−0.42; 0.27)
0.659
−0.26 (−0.60; 0.08)
0.130
−0.19 (−0.59; 0.22)
0.363
−0.32 (−0.83; 0.19)
0.221
TMT_A
0.52 (−3.42; 4.47)
0.794
−0.55 (−4.47; 3.36)
0.781
−1.08 (−5.68; 3.53)
0.646
−1.75 (−6.83; 3.33)
0.495
TMT_B
0.81 (−2.63; 4.26)
0.642
−1.43 (−4.85; 1.99)
0.411
−2.24 (−6.26; 1.78)
0.273
0.23 (−4.61; 5.07)
0.925
Pictures of facial affect
1.72 (−2.15; 5.59)
0.382
2.00 (−1.85; 5.85)
0.307
0.28 (−4.25; 4.81)
0.904
0.17 (−5.20; 5.53)
0.096
Data are mean differences (β), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and values from linear regression with MWT-B, as a marker of crystallized intelligence, age, and sex as independent variables and cognition tests as a dependent variable. Italicized print indicates . BACS: Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia; TMT_A/B: trail making test A/B.
