Associations between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Metabolic Risk Factors beyond Obesity
Table 2
Multivariable analysis for metabolic abnormalities according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) category.
Odds ratios (95% CI) by an AHI category
<5.0 ()
5.0–15.0 ()
≥15.0 ()
Hypertension
Crude
1.0
1.9 (1.4–2.6)
4.2 (2.7–6.3)
Multivariable-adjusted†
1.0
1.6 (1.2–2.1)
3.6 (2.3–5.6)
Multivariable and BMI-adjusted
1.0
1.1 (0.8–1.6)
1.9 (1.2–3.1)
Multivariable and waist-adjusted
1.0
1.1 (0.8–1.6)
2.1 (1.3–3.3)
Hypertriglyceridemia‡
Crude
1.0
1.9 (1.4–2.5)
3.1 (2.1–4.7)
Multivariable-adjusted
1.0
1.6 (1.1–2.2)
2.4 (1.6–3.7)
Multivariable and BMI-adjusted
1.0
1.1 (0.8–1.6)
1.3 (0.8–2.0)
Low HDL-cholesterolemia
Crude
1.0
1.4 (0.8–2.3)
1.8 (1.0–3.5)
Multivariable-adjusted
1.0
1.5 (0.9–2.6)
2.2 (1.1–4.4)
Multivariable and BMI-adjusted
1.0
1.2 (0.7–2.1)
1.4 (0.6–2.9)
Hyperglycemia‡
Crude
1.0
1.2 (0.8–1.8)
1.9 (1.2–3.0)
Multivariable-adjusted
1.0
1.0 (0.7–1.5)
1.6 (1.0–2.6)
Multivariable and BMI-adjusted
1.0
0.7 (0.4–1.0)
0.7 (0.4–1.2)
Bold font indicates that the odds ratio is statistically significant ().†Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, alcohol intake, and smoking status. ‡Hyperglycemia was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L) and/or taking medications for diabetes. BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval.
