Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Subsequent Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome in the ELIXA: The Importance of Disease Duration

Table 2

Multivariable modeling.


Hazard ratio (95% CI)		Primary composite endpoint events	CV composite endpoint events	Cardiovascular death events	Myocardial infarction events	Stroke events	Heart failure hospitalization events	Death events

Univariate	Retinopathy	1.44 (1.19–1.75)	1.57 (1.31–1.88)	1.58 (1.17–2.13)	1.38 (1.08–1.76)	1.56 (0.97–2.51)	2.03 (1.48–2.78)	1.65 (1.28–2.12)
	Neuropathy	1.33 (1.12–1.57)	1.38 (1.19–1.62)	1.29 (0.99–1.68)	1.26 (1.02–1.54)	1.59 (1.07–2.37)	1.71 (1.30–2.27)	1.43 (1.15–1.78)
	T2DM duration (per 5 years)	1.17 (1.13–1.22)	1.19 (1.15–1.23)	1.22 (1.16–1.29)	1.19 (1.14–1.25)	1.08 (0.98–1.19)	1.30 (1.23–1.38)	1.22 (1.17–1.28)

Model 1	Retinopathy	1.07 (0.86–1.32)	1.13 (0.94–1.31)	1.12 (0.80–1.56)	1.00 (0.77–1.31)	1.27 (0.74–2.16)	1.21 (0.85–1.73)	1.13 (0.85–1.50)
	Neuropathy	1.10 (0.92–1.31)	1.11 (0.94–1.31)	1.01 (0.76–1.34)	1.02 (0.82–1.28)	1.43 (0.93–2.20)	1.23 (0.90–1.66)	1.12 (0.88–1.42)
	T2DM duration (per 5 years)	1.16 (1.12–1.21)	1.18 (1.14–1.22)	1.21 (1.14–1.29)	1.19 (1.14–1.25)	1.04 (0.94–1.16)	1.28 (1.20–1.36)	1.21 (1.15–1.27)

Model 2	Retinopathy	1.07 (0.86–1.33)	1.13 (0.92–1.38)	1.12 (0.80–1.57)	1.00 (0.76–1.32)	1.28 (0.75–2.19)	1.15 (0.81–1.65)	1.15 (0.87–1.53)
	Neuropathy	1.02 (0.85–1.23)	0.99 (0.84–1.18)	0.91 (0.68–1.22)	1.00 (0.78–1.24)	1.27 (0.82–1.99)	0.96 (0.70–1.31)	1.03 (0.81–1.31)
	T2DM duration (per 5 years)	1.10 (1.05–1.15)	1.12 (1.07–1.16)	1.14 (1.07–1.22)	1.13 (1.08–1.20)	0.95 (0.85–1.07)	1.21 (1.13–1.30)	1.13 (1.07–1.19)

Primary composite endpoint: CV death, nonfatal MI, stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina; CV composite endpoint: CV death, nonfatal MI, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure (HF); . Univariate: adjusted for randomized study treatment only; model 1: adjusted for retinopathy, neuropathy, T2DM duration, and randomized study treatment; model 2: model 1+ age, sex, race, BMI, baseline HbA1c, smoking, history of hypertension, heart rate, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides; .