Group versus Individual Care in Patients with Long-Standing Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A One-Year Prospective Noninferiority Study in a Tertiary Diabetes Clinic

Table 2

Characteristics of patients (age, duration of diabetes (years)) and change at one year in HbA1c (%), weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m²), waist circumference (cm), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) according to group assignment (individual care and group care). Number of visits to family physician and to diabetes clinic is expressed as difference between study year and preceding year.

Parameter	Individual care			Group care			value
	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD
Age	28	60.0±	10.6	32	53.2±	15.3	0.53
Duration of diabetes	28	25.0±	13.2	29	20.2±	10.0	0.13
HbA1c start	26	8.2	1.1	33	8.3	1.2	0.70
HgA1c end	24	8.2	1.1	32	8.2	1.2	0.90
Weight start	26	83.8	11.8	31	79.5	14.7	0.23
Weight end	25	81.8	10.6	32	78.6	14.2	0.36
BMI start	26	29.8	4.8	31	28.7	4.2	0.34
BMI end	26	28.1	7.1	33	27.2	6.2	0.63
Waist start	13	110.5	11.9	16	102.1	14.4	0.10
Waist end	6	107.8	9.4	26	102.0	105	0.22
SBP start	24	124	18	30	128	17	0.46
SBP end	21	124	18	32	126	20	0.68
DBP start	24	73	11	30	74	8	0.79
DBP end	21	73	9	32	71	8	0.44
PCP visits	21	−5.9	8.4	17	0.8	8.8	0.02
DC visits	18	−3.1	8.3	16	1.8	8.6	0.10

N: number; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; SBP and DBP: systolic and diastolic blood pressure; PCP: primary care physician; DC: diabetes clinic.