Prevalence of Prediabetes, Diabetes, and Its Associated Risk Factors among Males in Saudi Arabia: A Population-Based Survey

Table 1

General characteristics of participants by diabetic classification in male Al-Kharj study population.

	Total ()	Total nondiabetes ()	Total nondiabetes		Diabetes ()	value for trend
			Nondiabetes ()	Prediabetes ()
HbA1C	5.69 (1.12)	5.44 (0.36)	5.25 (0.26)	5.86 (0.17)	8.17 (2.36)	<0.0001
Age in years	31.42 (9.37)	30.16 (8.17)	28.74 (7.71)	33.43 (8.31)	43.83 (11.35)	<0.0001
Age groups (years)						<0.0001
18–24	25.72 (98)	27.46 (95)	31.95 (77)	17.14 (18)	8.57 (3)
25–44	62.99 (240)	65.32 (226)	63.07 (152)	70.48 (74)	40 (14)
45–60	11.29 (43)	7.23 (25)	4.98 (12)	12.38 (13)	51.43 (18)
Body mass index in kg/m^2 (BMI)	28.75 (6.94)	28.58 (7.03)	27.51 (6.90)	31.02 (6.74)	30.45 (5.71)	<0.0001
BMI categories						<0.0001
Normal	31.50 (120)	32.95 (114)	39 (94)	19.05 (20)	17.14 (6)
Overweight	32.28 (123)	32.66 (113)	33.20 (80)	31.43 (33)	28.57 (10)
Obese	36.22 (138)	34.39 (119)	27.80 (67)	49.52 (52)	54.29 (19)
Waist circumference in cm (WC)	99.63 (16.48)	99.08 (16.71)	96.27 (15.78)	105.75 (17.03)	105.24 (12.87)	<0.0001
Waist circumference						<0.0001
≤102 cm	64.04 (244)	66.47 (230)	72.61 (175)	52.38 (55)	40 (14)
>102 cm	35.96 (137)	33.53 (116)	27.39 (66)	47.62 (50)	60 (21)
Smoking status						0.289
Never smoker	66.93 (255)	66.47 (230)	68.88 (166)	60.95 (64)	71.43 (25)
Ex-smoker	7.87 (30)	7.51 (26)	7.88 (19)	6.67 (7)	11.43 (4)
Current smoker	25.20 (96)	26.01 (90)	23.24 (56)	32.38 (34)	17.14 (6)
Marital status						<0.0001
Married	57.48 (219)	55.49 (192)	47.72 (115)	73.33 (77)	77.14 (27)
Single	42.52 (162)	44.51 (154)	52.28 (126)	26.67 (28)	22.86 (8)
Education level						<0.0001
Primary	2.89 (11)	1.45 (5)	0.41 (1)	3.81 (4)	17.14 (6)
Secondary	25.98 (99)	25.43 (88)	21.99 (53)	33.33 (35)	31.43 (11)
Intermediate	5.77 (22)	4.91 (17)	4.56 (11)	5.71 (6)	14.29 (5)
University	58.53 (223)	60.98 (211)	66.80 (161)	47.62 (50)	34.29 (12)
Postgraduate	6.82 (26)	7.23 (25)	6.22 (15)	9.52 (10)	2.86 (1)
Job type						0.124
Unemployed	8.40 (32)	8.67 (30)	9.96 (24)	5.71 (6)	5.71 (2)
Civilian	91.08 (347)	90.75 (314)	90.04 (217)	92.38 (97)	94.29 (33)
Soldier	0.52 (2)	0.58 (2)		1.90 (2)	0

indicates continuous variables represented as mean (SD). Categorical variable values in each cell are represented as percentage (sample size); Significance of differences at value < 0.05 evaluated using χ² test for categorical variable and t-test or ANOVA for continuous variable. For diabetic versus nondiabetic, all were significant except BMI ( value = 0.1278), WC ( value = 0.403), smoker ( value = 0.422), and job type ( value = 0.750), which were nonsignificant. All were significant except smoking status ( value = 0.289) at value of 0.05 for diabetic classification (nondiabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic).