Arterial Stiffness Is Associated with Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy in Diabetes Patients in Ghana

Table 5

Logistic regression models of PSN and indices of arterial stiffness.

	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)		Adjusted OR (95 CI)
PWVao	1.38 (1.06–1.79)	0.017	1.25 (0.91–1.71)	0.173
CAVI	1.78 (1.26–2.52)	0.001	1.51 (1.02–2.4)	0.043
ha-PWV	1.26 (0.93–1.76)	0.137	1.47 (0.98–2.22)	0.066
AIx	0.97 (0.95–1.01)	0.056	0.95 (0.91–0.98)	0.007
Aortic systolic BP	1.01 (1–1.02)	0.11	0.97 (0.93–1)	0.072
Aortic pulse BP	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.238	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.76

Adjusted for age, gender, height, BMI, waist circumference, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol, and smoking. PWVao: aortic pulse wave velocity; CAVI: cardio-ankle vascular index; ha-PWV: heart-ankle pulse wave velocity; AIx: aortic augmentation index; BP: blood pressure. The other significant variables in the multivariable-adjusted models were as follows: Age (OR = 1.08 (1.02–1.15), ), body height (OR = 1.18 (1.09–2.28), ), and diabetes status (OR = 8.74 (2.01–12.14), ). Gender (OR = 3.65 (1.05–12.99), ) and body height (OR = 1.18 (1.09–2.28), ). Age (OR = 1.06 (1.01–1.12), ), male gender (OR = 5.1 (1.35–14.65), ), and body height (OR = 1.19 (1.1–2.29), ). Age (OR = 1.12 (1.05–1.19), ), male gender (OR = 3.6 (1.49–13.45), ), and body height (OR = 1.18 (1.09–2.29), ). Age (OR = 1.09 (1.03–1.16), ), male gender (OR = 3.98 (1.04–12.17), ), and body height (OR = 1.18 (1.08–2.28), ). Age (OR = 1.08 (1.03–1.15), ), male gender (OR = 4.28 (1.19–13.38), ), body height (OR = 1.18 (1.09–2.27), ), and diabetes status (OR = 4.28 (1.19–9.54), ).