Advanced Glycation End Products Enhance Murine Monocyte Proliferation in Bone Marrow and Prime Them into an Inflammatory Phenotype through MAPK Signaling

Figure 4

AGEs activated p38 and ERK pathways. Bone marrow monocytes were stimulated with AGEs (300 μg/mL) for different time periods (0, 15, 30, and 120 min), and cells were then harvested for flow cytometry analysis. Levels of MAPK proteins (p38, ERK, and JNK) and their phosphorylated form (p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK) were measured as MFI (mean fluorescence intensity) by flow cytometry at different time points after AGE stimulation. The degree of pathway activation was assessed based on the ratio of the phosphorylated form to total protein. (a) AGEs activated the p38 pathway. (b) AGE did not activate the JNK pathway. (c) AGEs activated the ERK pathway. Each point represents the results (mean ± SD) of three independent experiments.

(a)

(b)

(c)