Research Article
Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Effect of Disease and Psychosocial-Related Correlates on Health-Related Quality of Life
Table 3
Hierarchical logistic regression analysis for social and role functioning and pain experiences among participants.
| | Characteristics | Pain | Impaired social functioning | Impaired role functioning | | Odds (95% CI) | Odds (95% CI) | Odds (95% CI) | | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women |
| | Age | 1.03 (0.96–1.09) | 1.05 (0.97–1.07) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | 1.11 (0.85–1.43) | 1.05 (0.98–1.17) | 1.07 (0.63–1.21) | | Marital status | 1.13 (1.01–1.19) | 2.41 (1.23–4.70) | 0.72 (0.28–1.86) | 0.75 (0.41–1.00) | 0.41 (0.21–0.65) | 0.44 (0.13–0.73) | | Education | 1.01 (.57–1.61) | 1.03 (0.67–1.55) | 0.94 (0.47–1.86) | 0.91 (0.56–1.28) | 1.01 (0.71–1.32) | 1.06 (0.81–1.19) | | Occupation | 0.79 (0.44–1.41) | 0.83 (0.59–1.47) | 0.30 (0.12–0.63) | 0.47 (0.17—0.98) | 1.36 (1.10–1.29) | 1.39 (1.01–1.93) | | Diabetes exposure | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 1.34 (1.13–2.61) | 0.95 (0.79–1.01) | 0.98 (0.62–1.32) | 0.99 (0.73–1.29) | 0.88 (0.39–0.99) | | Glycemic control (HbA1c) | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) | 1.27 (1.11–1.98) | 1.13 (0.86–1.45) | 1.31 (1.11–1.99) | 0.98 (0.67–1.36) | 0.81 (0.24–1.11) | | Comorbidities | 1.01 (0.91–0.19) | 1.43 (1.13–2.86) | 2.32 (1.37–3.89) | 3.76 (2.01–5.77) | 1.41 (0.93–1.83) | 1.67 (1.10–2.21) | | Physical functioning | 6.14 (4.11–13.98) | 7.86 (4.23–14.49) | 34.51 (10.73–49.46) | 39.64 (10.11–43.4) | 7.07 (2.81–14.37) | 8.01 (2.96–18.69) | | Self-care behaviors | | | | | | | | Diet management | 2.33 (1.26–5.44) | 6.23 (4.14–13.81) | — | — | — | — | | Self-monitoring blood glucose | 7.27 (5.15–15.48) | 2.01 (0.86–3.16) | — | — | — | — | | Social support | | | | | | | | Availability | 0.96 (0.84–1.24) | 1.01 (0.85–1.07) | 1.07 (0.96–1.18) | 1.13 (0.85–1.43) | 1.09 (0.79–1.73) | 1.18 (1.01–1.44) | | Adequacy | 0.89 (0.76–1.33) | 0.88 (0.71–1.49) | 0.95 (0.82–1.67) | 0.97 (0.81–1.23) | 0.89 (0.43–1.21) | 0.93 (0.66–1.00) | | Diabetes-related psychosocial factors | | | | | | | | Self-efficacy | — | — | 0.79 (0.48–0.99) | 0.81 (0.51–1.03) | — | — | | Diabetes social support | 0.91 (0.43–1.19) | 0.80 (0.54–1.13) | — | — | 0.77 (0.61–0.99) | 0.84 (0.55–1.01) | | DLC (others) | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Problems areas in diabetes (PAID) | | | | | | | | ≥40 points (distress burnout) | 1.43 (1.13–1.89) | 1.27 (1.01–1.94) | 4.36 (2.19–8.36) | 5.29 (3.38–10.42) | 10.11 (4.62–21.11) | 15.38 (5.32–23.3) |
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—Not entered in the stepwise procedure. ; ; . N.B.: age: 40<, >40; marital: currently married/not; education: secondary<, >secondary; occupation: government, nongovernmental; diabetes exposure: <10, >10 years; glycemic control: <7, >7; comorbidities: yes/no. |
