Treatment Discontinuation and Clinical Events in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors or NPH Insulin as Third-Line Therapy

Table 2

Results of Cox regression analysis for treatment discontinuation, cardiovascular events, and hypoglycemia with NPH insulin, MarketScan, 2011–2014.

Outcome	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Treatment discontinuation	1.41	1.34–1.48	1.33	1.27–1.40
Cardiovascular events	1.02	0.80–1.30	1.08	0.84–1.39
Hypoglycemia	5.22	4.79–5.69	2.82	2.57–3.10

HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval. All models were adjusted for sex, age at cohort entry, year of cohort entry, place of residence, and the following one-year prior to enrollment variables: comorbidities, number of visits to emergency departments, number of outpatient visits, number of hospitalizations, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hypoglycemia. DPP-4 is the reference category. The model with hypoglycemia as an outcome was stratified on the previous occurrence of hypoglycemia.