Effect of Insulin-Induced Lipodystrophy on Glycemic Control among Children and Adolescents with Diabetes in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Table 1
Insulin-induced lipohypertrophy by different variables among type 1 diabetic patients.
Variable
Lipohypertrophy
COR, 95% CI
AOR, 95% CI
No (, %)
Yes (, %)
Age (years)
Children (1–12)
35 (35)
65 (65)
1.86 (1.01–3.41)
3.12 (1.31–8.06)
Adolescents (13–18)
38 (50)
38 (50)
1
1
Sex
Male
33 (38.4)
53 (61.6)
1.28 (0.70–2.34)
1.17 (0.56–2.47)
Female
40 (44.4)
50 (55.6)
1
1
Educational level of insulin injectors
No schooling
1 (50)
1 (50)
1.00 (0.06–17.41)
0.85 (0.04–19.0)
Primary
32 (37.6)
53 (62.4)
1.65 (0.73–3.76)
0.83 (0.29–2.36)
Secondary
24 (42.1)
33 (57.9)
1.37 (0.57–3.28)
1.05 (0.35–3.13)
Higher
16 (50)
16 (50)
1
1
Insulin injector
Patient
37 (48.1)
40 (51.9)
0.62 (0.34–1.13)
0.66 (0.28–1.52)
Parent
36 (36.4)
63 (63.6)
1
1
BMI
Underweight
14 (50)
14 (50)
0.67 (0.15–2.88)
0.33 (0.05–2.02)
Healthy weight
52 (40)
78 (60)
1.00 (0.27–3.71)
0.52 (0.11–2.48)
Obese
4 (40)
6 (60)
1
1
Insulin use time (yrs)
1–5
46 (41.4)
65 (58.6)
1.01 (0.54–1.87)
0.71 (0.34–1.49)
>5
27 (41.5)
38 (58.5)
1
1
Daily insulin dose/kg
≤0.7 U/kg
37 (52.1)
34 (47.9)
1
1
>0.7 U/kg
36 (34.3)
69 (65.7)
2.09 (1.13–3.86)
2.37 (1.18–4.76)
Frequent unexplained hypoglycemia
Yes
27 (48.2)
29 (51.8)
1
1
No
46 (38.3)
74 (61.7)
1.49 (0.79–2.84)
1.31 (0.57–2.94)
Insulin syringe reuse
Every injection
18 (54.4)
15 (45.5)
0.26 (0.10–0.65)
0.25 (0.09–0.70)
Every 2-3 injections
42 (47.7)
46 (52.3)
0.34 (0.16–0.71)
0.36 (0.16–0.81)
>4 injections
13 (23.6)
42 (76.4)
1
1
Site rotation every week
Yes
31 (57.4)
23 (42.6)
0.39 (0.20–0.75)
0.41 (0.21–0.81)
No
42 (34.4)
80 (65.6)
1
1
Space measurement to inject in the same site
Yes
48 (42.9)
64 (57.1)
0.85 (0.45–1.59)
1.02 (0.53–1.96)
No
25 (39.1)
39 (60.9)
1
1
Statistically significant: . Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; COR: crude odds ratio; AOR: adjusted odds ratio.
