Insulin Secretion and Risk for Future Diabetes in Subjects with a Nonpositive Insulinogenic Index
Table 2
Baseline characteristics by level of the insulinogenic index.
Positive insulinogenic index
Nonpositive insulinogenic index
Insulinogenic index ≥ 0.4 ()
Insulinogenic index < 0.4 ()
ΔGlu0–30 ≤ 0 ()
ΔIns0–30 ≤ 0 ()
Age (years)
51.6 ± 7.0
52.9 ± 6.7
50.6 ± 7.1
50.2 ± 8.5
Male gender (%)
65.3
79.5
42.9†
63.3
Body mass index (kg/m2)
24.3 ± 3.3
23.6 ± 2.9
22.4 ± 2.7
24.8 ± 4.3‡
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)
92/96/101
94/99/106
88/91/95†
92/98/108‡
30 min plasma glucose (mg/dL)
126/143/162
150/168/186
76/81/88†
132/163/182‡
1-hour plasma glucose (mg/dL)
106/131/159
146/178/205
72/92/101∗†
112/151/192‡
2-hour plasma glucose (mg/dL)
96/109/126
105/123/146
81/92/111†
90/120/142‡
Fasting insulin (μIU/mL)
3.1/4.3/6.2
2.6/3.3/4.3
2.8/4.2/4.7
2.4/3.3/6.2
30 min insulin (μIU/mL)
29.2/40.2/58.3
13.7/19.1/24.1
13.7/20.1/32.9
0.8/1.4/2.1†‡
120 min insulin (μIU/mL)
16.3/24.6/39.7
14.5/21.5/34.9
9.1/15.3/21.9
10.6/23.0/39.1
HbA1c (%)
5.2 ± 0.3
5.3 ± 0.4
5.1 ± 0.3†
5.3 ± 0.4
Glucose tolerance
Normal glucose tolerance (%)
62.2
39.4
92.9†
46.7‡
Impaired fasting glucose (%)
32.1
49.8
7.2†
43.3
Impaired glucose tolerance (%)
13.2
30.9
2.4
30.0
Current smokers (%)
17.5
25.0
19.0
20.0
Drinkers (%)
59.9
71.3
42.9†
63.3
Antihypertensive medications (%)
13.6
14.6
7.1
10.0
Lipid-lowering medications (%)
6.9
7.3
2.4
6.7
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, 25/50/75th percentile values, or %. Characteristics among groups were compared using one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. compared to insulinogenic index ≥ 0.4, compared to insulinogenic index < 0.4, compared to ΔGlu0–30 ≤ 0. ΔGlu0–30 and ΔIns0–30, change in glucose and in insulin, respectively, over the first 30 min on the oral glucose tolerance test.
