Predictors of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Onset and Progression in a Cohort of Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Table 2
Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of type 1 diabetic patients with mild CAN who remained stable (group I) or had CAN worsening (group II) for over a mean period of 3 years.
Group I ()
Group II ()
value
Logistic regression OR (95% CI)
Age (years)
50.69 ± 1.36
47.63 ± 1.57
0.15
Males
39 (63%)
22 (54%)
0.35
Diabetes duration (years)
26.32 ± 1.45
26.12 ± 1.62
0.92
≤20
21 (34%)
13 (32%)
0.8
21–30
22 (35%)
13 (32%)
>30
19 (31%)
15 (37%)
BMI (kg/m2)
25.07 ± 0.38
23.58 ± 0.5
0.018
≤22.94
16 (26%)
20 (49%)
0.003
1
22.94–25.68
17 (27%)
15 (37%)
0.73 (0.28–1.95)
>25.68
29 (47%)
6 (15%)
0.15 (0.05–0.48)
HbA1c (%)
7.76 ± 0.13
8.08 ± 0.2
0.16
≤7.4
23 (37%)
11 (27%)
0.25
7.5–8.2
24 (39%)
14 (34%)
>8.2
15 (24%)
16 (39%)
DPN
27 (44%)
18 (44%)
0.97
Nephropathy
0.72
0
44 (71%)
26 (63%)
1
11 (18%)
9 (22%)
2
7 (11%)
6 (15%)
Retinopathy
0.18
0
22 (35%)
7 (17%)
1
8 (13%)
8 (20%)
2
10 (16%)
6 (15%)
3
22 (35%)
20 (49%)
Microalbuminuria (mg/24 h)
41 ± 12.32
163.16 ± 69.92
0.09
≤7.0
23 (37%)
11 (27%)
0.44
7.1–14.6
20 (32%)
13 (32%)
>14.7
19 (31%)
17 (41%)
Clearance (ml/min)
80.46 ± 2.02
79.26 ± 3.71
0.75
≤73.87
20 (32%)
18 (44%)
0.37
73.87–88.49
26 (42%)
12 (29%)
>88.49
16 (26%)
11 (27%)
Hypertension
25 (40%)
13 (32%)
0.37
Tobacco smoking
18 (29%)
12 (30%)
0.91
Dyslipidemia
17 (27%)
16 (39%)
0.21
CSII
0.39
0
28 (45%)
23 (56%)
1
27 (44%)
16 (39%)
2
7 (11%)
2 (5%)
HMG-CoA inhibitors
16 (26%)
14 (34%)
0.36
CEI/AT1 antagonists
26 (42%)
16 (39%)
0.76
Antiaggregants
7 (11%)
5 (12%)
0.89
Diuretics
5 (8%)
6 (15%)
0.27
Calcium inhibitors
4 (6%)
3 (7%)
0.86
SSRIs
4 (6%)
8 (20%)
0.04
4.18 (1.03–16.97)
Shown are means ± standard error of the mean. DPN: distal peripheral neuropathy; CV: cardiovascular; CSII: continuous subcutaneous and intraperitoneal insulin infusion; NC: not calculated. Data were analyzed according to Statistical Analysis.
