Urinary Proteome Analysis Identified Neprilysin and VCAM as Proteins Involved in Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 4

Summary of the key proteins in both DN pathophysiology and losartan effect. The table indicates whether (1) the protein is a DN effector and for positive instances the process with which the protein is associated, (2) the protein is also differentially abundant from the cohort comparison () or it is directly linked to one of them (), and (3) if the protein is easily measurable in urine according to bibliography review.

Protein	DN effector		Presence in proteomic data			Urine presence
	Yes/no	Process		Comparison		Yes/no
Neprilysin	Yes	Vasoactive hormones	Yes	Treated versus basal	Yes	Yes
Kallikrein	No		No	NA	Yes	Yes
Angiopoietin-2	Yes	Activation of angiogenesis	No	NA	No	Yes
Signal transducer and activator of transcription1-alpha/beta	Yes	JAK/STAT pathway alterations	No	NA	No	No
MAD homolog 7	Yes	Inflammation	No	NA	Yes	Yes
VCAM-1	Yes	Inflammation	Yes	Basal versus control	No	Yes
NADPH oxidase	No		No	NA	Yes	No

DN: diabetic nephropathy; N/A: not applicable; MAD homolog 7: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion protein 1; NADPH oxidase: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription.