Astaxanthin Promotes Nrf2/ARE Signaling to Alleviate Renal Fibronectin and Collagen IV Accumulation in Diabetic Rats

Table 1

Effects of AST on renal metabolic and biochemical parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Parameter	Control ()	STZ ()	STZ + AST ()	Control + vehicle ()
Body weight (g)	474.36 ± 9.45	228.47 ± 17.12	329.73 ± 23.91^,#	486.12 ± 7.56^#
Kidney weight (g)	2.30 ± 0.13	3.49 ± 0.61	2.93 ± 0.37	2.19 ± 0.11^#
KW/BW (%)	0.49 ± 0.06	1.27 ± 0.12	0.78 ± 0.20^,#	0.45 ± 0.04^#
Blood glucose (mM)	5.02 ± 0.49	23.9 ± 2.91	21.7 ± 1.81	5.78 ± 0.35^#
BUN (mM)	5.98 ± 1.01	14.02 ± 3.20	9.98 ± 1.84^#	6.08 ± 0.98^#
Cr (μM)	27.81 ± 3.98	42.56 ± 9.21	28.34 ± 8.92^#	29.01 ± 4.76^#
UP (mg/24 h)	13.98 ± 3.29	98.89 ± 29.98	69.79 ± 21.34^,#	14.32 ± 1.36^#

BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: serum creatinine; UP 24 h: urine protein for 24 hours. Data are ; . versus control group and versus STZ-diabetic group.