The Role of Serum Procalcitonin, Interleukin-6, and Fibrinogen Levels in Differential Diagnosis of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Infection

Table 3

Inflammatory markers in infected diabetic foot ulcer (DFI), noninfected diabetic foot ulcer (NDFI), and control groups.

	Total	^1DFI ()	^2NDFI ()	^3Control ()		^1-2	^1–3	^2-3
WBC
Min–max (median)	4–44.3 (9.6)	5–44.3 (13.7)	4–15.3 (9)	4.4–12.8 (8.4)
Mean ± SD	10.7 ± 5.5	15.2 ± 7.5	9 ± 2.3	8.4 ± 2	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.237
ESR
Min–max (median)	2–109 (24)	6–109 (56.5)	2–64 (26)	2–30 (11)
Mean ± SD	31.66 ± 25.89	58.34 ± 24.68	27.21 ± 16.44	12.02 ± 7.23	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
CRP
Min–max (median)	0.5–309 (8.7)	28–309 (195)	0.5–44 (9.1)	0.5–9 (2.7)
Mean ± SD	62.43 ± 92.35	181.17 ± 76.36	10.52 ± 7.53	3.37 ± 2.6	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
IL-6
Min–max (median)	4.4–1717.9 (40.8)	30.7–1717.9 (191.4)	6.6–576.7 (35.35)	4.4–152.2 (24.4)
Mean ± SD	116.22 ± 221.98	275.12 ± 331.44	55.81 ± 90.21	29.18 ± 24.35	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.004
PCT
Min–max (median)	0.02–10.30 (0.14)	0.02–10.3 (0.15)	0.02–0.41 (0.12)	0.04–0.64 (0.17)
Mean ± SD	0.31 ± 0.98	0.6 ± 1.7	0.15 ± 0.09	0.19 ± 0.14	0.468	0.261	0.708	0.341
Fibrinogen
Min–max (median)	105–1182 (357)	387–1182 (627)	105–840 (350.5)	200–568(293)
Mean ± SD	436.54 ± 204.73	663.21 ± 185.24	360.34 ± 119.6	303.56 ± 71.28	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.005

IDFU: infected diabetic foot ulcer; NIDFU: noninfected diabetic foot ulcer; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; WBC: white blood cell; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; PCT: procalcitonin.